ReviewToxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology2018
Longitudinal studies of botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia: Why do patients discontinue therapy?
Review in Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dystonia 3×3: A Training Guideline for Beginners in Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia.Toxins · 2026Guideline
- Quality of life in idiopathic dystonia: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Personalized botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia based on kinematic guidance.Journal of neurology · 2018Trial
- Real-World Treatment Switch Rates, and Healthcare Costs of Botulinum Toxin Type A Among Patients with Cervical Dystonia in the USA: A Retrospective Claims Analysis.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Observational
- A 10-year service evaluation of a Cervical Dystonia Botulinum Toxin A Clinic: factors associated with patient-reported outcomes.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of screening tools for depression and anxiety in cervical dystonia.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Observational
- Genetic Update and Treatment for Dystonia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Review
- Lessons about Botulinum Toxin A Therapy from Cervical Dystonia Patients Drawing the Course of Disease: A Pilot Study.Toxins · 2023Article
- Article
- Pain Reduction in Cervical Dystonia Following Treatment with IncobotulinumtoxinA: A Pooled Analysis.Toxins · 2023Article
- Conversion to AbobotulinumtoxinA Increases Waning Time and Efficacy for Cervical Dystonia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Article
- Article
- An Open-Label Phase 2a Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Perampanel in Cervical Dystonia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2021Article
- Management of Secondary Poor Response to Botulinum Toxin in Cervical Dystonia: A Multicenter Audit.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2021Article
- Botulinum Toxin in Movement Disorders: An Update.Toxins · 2021Review
- The Dystonia Coalition: A Multicenter Network for Clinical and Translational Studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNumerous studies have established botulinum toxin (BoNT) to be safe and effective for the treatment of cervical dystonia (CD). Despite its well-documented efficacy, there has been growing awareness that a significant proportion of CD patients discontinue therapy. The reasons for discontinuation are only partly understood.
methodsThis summary describes longitudinal studies that provided information regarding the proportions of patients discontinuing BoNT therapy, and the reasons for discontinuing therapy. The data come predominantly from un-blinded long-term follow-up studies, registry studies, and patient-based surveys.
resultsAll types of longitudinal studies provide strong evidence that BoNT is both safe and effective in the treatment of CD for many years. Overall, approximately one third of CD patients discontinue BoNT. The most common reason for discontinuing therapy is lack of benefit, often described as primary or secondary non-response. The apparent lack of response is only rarely related to true immune-mediated resistance to BoNT. Other reasons for discontinuing include side effects, inconvenience, cost, or other reasons. DISCUSSION: Although BoNT is safe and effective in the treatment of the majority of patients with CD, approximately one third discontinue. The increasing awareness of a significant proportion of patients who discontinue should encourage further efforts to optimize administration of BoNT, to improve BoNT preparations to extend duration or reduce side effects, to develop add-on therapies that may mitigate swings in symptom severity, or develop entirely novel treatment approaches.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.