Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28886710›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2017

Travel patterns and demographic characteristics of malaria cases in Swaziland, 2010-2014.

Natalia Tejedor-Garavito, Nomcebo Dlamini, Deepa Pindolia, Adam Soble, Nick W Ruktanonchai, Victor Alegana, Arnaud Le Menach, Nyasatu Ntshalintshali, Bongani Dlamini, David L Smith and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  12. Comparing metapopulation dynamics of infectious diseases under different models of human movement.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Natalia Tejedor-GaravitoWorldPop, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. ntg@geodata.soton.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-1140-6263
Nomcebo DlaminiNational Malaria Control Programme, Manzini, Swaziland.
Deepa PindoliaClinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA.
Adam SobleClinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA.
Nick W RuktanonchaiWorldPop, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Victor AleganaWorldPop, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Arnaud Le MenachClinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA.
Nyasatu NtshalintshaliClinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA.
Bongani DlaminiClinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA.
David L SmithInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Andrew J TatemWorldPop, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Simon KuneneNational Malaria Control Programme, Manzini, Swaziland.

Funding

Transmission ProjectU19AI089674 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MATTHEW G DORSEY · 2010 to 2026
$29.3M
NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI089674Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 106866/Z/15/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs Swaziland progresses towards national malaria elimination, the importation of parasites into receptive areas becomes increasingly important. Imported infections have the potential to instigate local transmission and sustain local parasite reservoirs.

methodsTravel histories from Swaziland's routine surveillance data from January 2010 to June 2014 were extracted and analysed. The travel patterns and demographics of rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed positive cases identified through passive and reactive case detection (RACD) were analysed and compared to those found to be negative through RACD.

resultsOf 1517 confirmed cases identified through passive surveillance, 67% reported travel history. A large proportion of positive cases reported domestic or international travel history (65%) compared to negative cases (10%). The primary risk factor for malaria infection in Swaziland was shown to be travel, more specifically international travel to Mozambique by 25- to 44-year old males, who spent on average 28 nights away. Maputo City, Inhambane and Gaza districts were the most likely travel destinations in Mozambique, and 96% of RDT-positive international travellers were either Swazi (52%) or Mozambican (44%) nationals, with Swazis being more likely to test negative. All international travellers were unlikely to have a bed net at home or use protection of any type while travelling. Additionally, paths of transmission, important border crossings and means of transport were identified.

conclusionResults from this analysis can be used to direct national and well as cross-border targeting of interventions, over space, time and by sub-population. The results also highlight that collaboration between neighbouring countries is needed to tackle the importation of malaria at the regional level.

Indexed as

TravelAdultCommunicable Disease ControlEmigration and ImmigrationEpidemiological MonitoringEswatiniFemaleHumansMalariaMaleMozambiqueRisk FactorsSeasonsSouth AfricaImported malariaMalaria eliminationReactive case detectionSurveillance systemTravel history

Identifiers

PMID28886710
PMCPMC5591561

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.