SynthesisPloS one2017
Coronary heart disease and risk for cognitive impairment or dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 148 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
148 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 255 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comorbidity in traumatic brain injury and functional outcomes: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Associations between coronary heart disease and risk of cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis.Brain and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- The Relationship of Coronary Artery Calcium and Clinical Coronary Artery Disease with Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2020Pooled it
- A multidomain trial for cognition in women with cardiovascular disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- The MindMoves Trial: Cross-Sectional Analyses of Baseline Vascular Risk and Cognition in Older Women with Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Trial
- ω-3 Ethyl ester results in better cognitive function at 12 and 30 months than control in cognitively healthy subjects with coronary artery disease: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
- Cognitive Training Intervention Adherence in Older Women with Cardiovascular Disease: A Secondary Analysis of the MindMoves Trial.The Journal of cardiovascular nursingTrial
- Coronary artery disease and neurocognitive performance among older adults in Uganda.Research square · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity in the association between cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline: a pooled analysis of five prospective cohort studies from 24 countries.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Influence of Cardiometabolic and Alzheimer Disease Genetics on Cognitive-Related Outcomes in a Diverse Population.Neurology · 2026Article
- Methylglyoxal Accumulation is Associated with Brain Inflammation after Myocardial Infarction with Sex and Regional Differences.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Cognitive Decline in Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Associations with Vascular, Cardiac, and Neuropsychological Parameters.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Article
- Challenges and knowledge gaps in sex differences in cardio-kidney-metabolic syndrome across the lifespan.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Integrating noise as a risk factor in studies of Alzheimer's disease and dementia: Guidance for epidemiologic research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Dementia Risk in the Decade Before and After Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosis: Hybrid Case-Control and Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Finding risk factors for dementia in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based case-control study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic risk mediates the association between perceived stress and learning and memory similarly among Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic White individuals.Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2026Observational
- Heart-brain axis pathophysiological understanding and clinical impact.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Prevalence and risk factors of cognitive impairment in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisAccumulating evidence suggests an association between coronary heart disease and risk for cognitive impairment or dementia, but no study has systematically reviewed this association. Therefore, we summarized the available evidence on the association between coronary heart disease and risk for cognitive impairment or dementia.
methodsMedline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched for all publications until 8th January 2016. Articles were included if they fulfilled the inclusion criteria: (1) myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or coronary heart disease (combination of both) as predictor variable; (2) cognition, cognitive impairment or dementia as outcome; (3) population-based study; (4) prospective (≥1 year follow-up), cross-sectional or case-control study design; (5) ≥100 participants; and (6) aged ≥45 years. Reference lists of publications and secondary literature were hand-searched for possible missing articles. Two reviewers independently screened all abstracts and extracted information from potential relevant full-text articles using a standardized data collection form. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We pooled estimates from the most fully adjusted model using random-effects meta-analysis.
resultsWe identified 6,132 abstracts, of which 24 studies were included. A meta-analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies showed that coronary heart disease was associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia (OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.21-1.74, p<0.001). Between-study heterogeneity was low (I2 = 25.7%, 95%CI = 0-64, p = 0.207). Similar significant associations were found in separate meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies for the individual predictors (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris). In contrast, meta-analyses of cross-sectional and case-control studies were inconclusive. CONCLUSION/
interpretationThis meta-analysis suggests that coronary heart disease is prospectively associated with increased odds of developing cognitive impairment or dementia. Given the projected worldwide increase in the number of people affected by coronary heart disease and dementia, insight into causal mechanisms or common pathways underlying the heart-brain connection is needed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.