Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28885136›Full record

ArticleEpidemiology and infection2017

Contacts of healthcare workers, patients and visitors in general wards in Singapore.

L Jiang, H L Ng, H J Ho, Y S Leo, K Prem, A R Cook, M I Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Enhancing Agent-Based Models with Real-Time Movement Data to Assess Impacts of Biosecurity Interventions on Disease Exposure in Healthcare Settings.ACM-BCB ... ... : the ... ACM Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Biomedicine. ACM Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Biomedicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

L JiangSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System,Singapore,Singapore.
H L NgNursing Service,Tan Tock Seng Hospital,Singapore,Singapore.
H J HoInstitute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital,Singapore,Singapore.
Y S LeoInstitute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital,Singapore,Singapore.
K PremSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System,Singapore,Singapore.
A R CookSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System,Singapore,Singapore.
M I ChenSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System,Singapore,Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-9369-5830

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To characterize contacts in general wards, a prospective survey of healthcare workers (HCWs), patients and visitors was conducted using self-reported diary, direct observation and telephone interviews. Nurses, doctors and assorted HCWs reported a median of 14, 18 and 15 contact persons over one work shift, respectively. Within 1 h, we observed 3·5 episodes with 25·6 min of cumulative contact time for nurses, 2·9 episodes and 22·1 min for doctors and 5·0 episodes with 44·3 min for assorted-HCWs. In interactions with patients, nurses had multiple brief episodes of contact; doctors had fewer episodes and less cumulative contact time; assorted-HCWs had fewer contact episodes of longer durations (than for nurses and doctors). Assortative mixing occurred amongst HCWs: those of the same HCW type were the next most frequent class of contact after patients. Over 24-h, patients contacted 14 persons with 23 episodes and 314·5 min of contact time. Patient-to-patient contact episodes were rare, but a maximum of five were documented from one patient participant. 22·9% of visitors reported contact with patients other than the one they visited. Our study revealed differences in the characteristics of contacts among different HCW types and potential transmission routes from patients to others within the ward environment.

Indexed as

Tertiary Care CentersAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCross InfectionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedModels, TheoreticalPatientsPatients' RoomsPersonnel, HospitalProspective StudiesSingaporeVisitors to PatientsContact diarydirect observationhospital wardtelephone interview

Identifiers

PMID28885136
PMCPMC9152759

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.