ArticleAmerican journal of physical anthropology2017
A female Viking warrior confirmed by genomics.
Article in American journal of physical anthropology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring matrilocality in history: insights from ancient DNA.Evolutionary human sciences · 2026Article
- Zoographics in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior: Increasing inclusion of female animals.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2024Article
- Automated High-Throughput Biological Sex Identification from Archeological Human Dental Enamel Using Targeted Proteomics.Journal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Political organization and gender predict violence in the Andean archaeological record.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
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- Evidence of the active participation of women in the intergroup conflict based on the use of aggression and cooperation.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Evolutionary Origin ofBiomolecules · 2023Article
- The Myth of Man the Hunter: Women's contribution to the hunt across ethnographic contexts.PloS one · 2023Article
- Article
- Female hunters of the early Americas.Science advances · 2020Article
- Tooth Enamel and its Dynamic Protein Matrix.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Osteobiography: A Platform for Bioarchaeological Research.Bioarchaeology international · 2019Article
- Why war is a man's game.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2018Article
- Article
- A female Viking warrior confirmed by genomics.American journal of physical anthropology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe objective of this study has been to confirm the sex and the affinity of an individual buried in a well-furnished warrior grave (Bj 581) in the Viking Age town of Birka, Sweden. Previously, based on the material and historical records, the male sex has been associated with the gender of the warrior and such was the case with Bj 581. An earlier osteological classification of the individual as female was considered controversial in a historical and archaeological context. A genomic confirmation of the biological sex of the individual was considered necessary to solve the issue. MATERIALS AND
methodsGenome-wide sequence data was generated in order to confirm the biological sex, to support skeletal integrity, and to investigate the genetic relationship of the individual to ancient individuals as well as modern-day groups. Additionally, a strontium isotope analysis was conducted to highlight the mobility of the individual.
resultsThe genomic results revealed the lack of a Y-chromosome and thus a female biological sex, and the mtDNA analyses support a single-individual origin of sampled elements. The genetic affinity is close to present-day North Europeans, and within Sweden to the southern and south-central region. Nevertheless, the Sr values are not conclusive as to whether she was of local or nonlocal origin. DISCUSSION: The identification of a female Viking warrior provides a unique insight into the Viking society, social constructions, and exceptions to the norm in the Viking time-period. The results call for caution against generalizations regarding social orders in past societies.
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