ArticleArchives of medical science : AMS2017
A randomized clinical trial comparing hemodynamic responses to ketamine-propofol combination (ketofol) versus etomidate during anesthesia induction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Article in Archives of medical science : AMS, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of adding ketamine to etomidate infusion on serum cortisol levels for anesthetic induction compared to etomidate infusion alone in elective surgical patients: A randomized controlled trial.Indian journal of pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Comparison of Remimazolam Tosilate and Etomidate on Hemodynamics in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Trial
- Etomidate Sedation for Advanced Endoscopic Procedures.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2019Trial
- Comparing Hemodynamic Responses to Diazepam, Propofol and Etomidate During Anesthesia Induction in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2017Trial
- The role of entropy monitoring in reducing propofol requirements during open heart surgeries. A prospective randomized study.Annals of cardiac anaesthesiaTrial
- Exploring the median effective dose of ciprofol for anesthesia induction in patients with heart valve disease: a prospective, single-arm, single-centre study.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Shock in the post-operative ICU: the etomidate enigma.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2025Article
- Exploring the Effects of Ketofol and Etomidate on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygenation during Anesthesia Induction in Supratentorial Tumor Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Study.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Immunopharmacological considerations of general anaesthetics for surgical procedures in the times of COVID-19: Correspondence.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Article
- Efficacy of procaine combined with ketamine and propofol in pediatric epidural anesthesia.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- Effect of Ketamine/Propofol Admixture on Peri-Induction Hemodynamics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2020Review
- Effect of dexmedetomidine anesthesia on respiratory function in pediatric patients undergoing retinoblastoma resection.Oncology letters · 2019Article
- The association between different anesthetic techniques and outcomes in patients undergoing transfemoral aortic valve replacement.Saudi journal of anaesthesiaArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAnesthesia induction is often accompanied by a period of hemodynamic instability, which could be a significant problem in patients with compromised ventricular function. The aim of this study is to compare the hemodynamic responses to etomidate versus a combination of ketamine and propofol (ketofol) for anesthetic induction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. MATERIAL AND
methodsIn a double-blind randomized clinical study, a total of 84 patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction (EF < 40%) were randomly assigned to two groups (A and B). Patients in group A received etomidate 0.2 mg/kg and a placebo (normal saline); group B received a combination of ketamine (1 mg/kg) and propofol (1.5 mg/kg) at the induction of anesthesia. Two minutes after induction, hemodynamic variables, including systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure (SAP, DAP, MAP) and heart rate (HR), were measured immediately before and after the laryngoscopy, and before intubation and post-intubation at 1, 2, and 3 min.
resultsThe decrease in all hemodynamic parameters (SBP, DBP, MAP and HR) from induction time to laryngoscopy was greater in the ketofol group (group B) than in the etomidate group (group A) (
conclusionsWe found that etomidate provides superior hemodynamic stability as compared to ketofol in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing CABG surgery under general anesthesia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.