ArticleScientific reports2017
The effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field in the microwave range on red blood cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microwave-induced modulation of intracellular distribution of peptides based on mitochondrial targeting sequences.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Investigation of the Effects of 2.45 GHz Near-Field EMF on Yeast.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Short-Term In Vitro Exposure of Human Blood to 5G Network Frequencies: Do Sex and Frequency Additionally Affect Erythrocyte Morphometry?Biomedicines · 2025Article
- The Brain Toxin Cleansing of Sleep Achieved During Wakefulness.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Uptake of substances into living mammalian cells by microwave induced perturbation of the plasma membrane.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Translocation and fate of nanospheres in pheochromocytoma cells following exposure to synchrotron-sourced terahertz radiation.Journal of synchrotron radiation · 2023Article
- Transcranial Electromagnetic Wave Treatment: A Fountain of Healthy Longevity?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Wearable Antennas for Sensor Networks and IoT Applications: Evaluation of SAR and Biological Effects.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Localization of nanospheres in pheochromocytoma-like cells following exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields at 18 GHz.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- COVID-19, Cation Dysmetabolism, Sialic Acid, CD147, ACE2, Viroporins, Hepcidin and Ferroptosis: A Possible Unifying Hypothesis.F1000Research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effect of red blood cells (RBC) exposed to an 18 GHz electromagnetic field (EMF) was studied. The results of this study demonstrated for the first time that exposure of RBCs to 18 GHz EMF has the capacity to induce nanospheres uptake in RBCs. The uptake of nanospheres (loading efficiency 96% and 46% for 23.5 and 46.3 nm nanospheres respectively), their presence and locality were confirmed using three independent techniques, namely scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It appeared that 23.5 nm nanospheres were translocated through the membrane into the cytosol, while the 46.3 nm-nanospheres were mostly translocated through the phospholipid-cholesterol bilayer, with only some of these nanospheres passing the 2D cytoskeleton network. The nanospheres uptake increased by up to 12% with increasing temperature from 33 to 37 °C. The TEM analysis revealed that the nanospheres were engulfed by the cell membrane itself, and then translocated into the cytosol. It is believed that EMF-induced rotating water dipoles caused disturbance of the membrane, initiating its deformation and result in an enhanced degree of membrane trafficking via a quasi-exocytosis process.
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