ArticleScientific reports2017
Purple spot damage dynamics investigated by an integrated approach on a 1244 A.D. parchment roll from the Secret Vatican Archive.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metagenomic and microbiological analyses of historical manuscripts for bacterial community profiling and bacteria-related biodeterioration assessment.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2026Article
- Minimally Invasive Vacuum-Aided Extraction Technique for the Lipid Analysis of Historic Parchment.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Fungal biodeterioration and preservation of cultural heritage, artwork, and historical artifacts: extremophily and adaptation.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Artefact Profiling: Panomics Approaches for Understanding the Materiality of Written Artefacts.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Microbes on the "peachy spots" of ancient Kaihua paper: microbial community and functional analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Transcriptional response of Bacillus megaterium FDU301 to PEG200-mediated arid stress.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Decoding the biological information contained in two ancient Slavonic parchment codices: an added historical value.Environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- The Integration of Metagenomics and Chemical Physical Techniques Biodecoded the Buried Traces of the Biodeteriogens of Parchment Purple Spots.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Application of a Medical Diode Laser (810 nm) for Disinfecting Small Microbiologically Contaminated Spots on Degraded Collagenous Materials for Improved Biosafety in Objects of Exceptional Historical Value From the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and Protection of Human Health.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Three ancient documents solve the jigsaw of the parchment purple spot deterioration and validate the microbial succession model.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The Stain of the Original Salt:Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ancient parchments are commonly attacked by microbes, producing purple spots and detachment of the superficial layer. Neither standard cultivation nor molecular methods (DGGE) solved the issue: causative agents and colonization model are still unknown. To identify the putative causal agents, we describe the 16 S rRNA gene analysis (454-pyrosequencing) of the microbial communities colonizing a damaged parchment roll dated 1244 A.D. (A.A. Arm. I-XVIII 3328, Vatican Secret Archives). The taxa in damaged or undamaged areas of the same document were different. In the purple spots, marine halotolerant Gammaproteobacteria, mainly Vibrio, were found; these microorganisms are rare or absent in the undamaged areas. Ubiquitous and environmental microorganisms were observed in samples from both damaged and undamaged areas. Pseudonocardiales were the most common, representing the main colonizers of undamaged areas. We hypothesize a successional model of biodeterioration, based on metagenomic data and spectroscopic analysis of pigments, which help to relate the damage to a microbial agent. Furthermore, a new method (Light Transmitted Analysis) was utilized to evaluate the kind and entity of the damage to native collagen. These data give a significant advance to the knowledge in the field and open new perspectives to remediation activity on a huge amount of ancient document.
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