SynthesisBMJ open2017
Effects of cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy on the outcome of patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review of randomised trials.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04766554 (A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Monitoring In Cardiac Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Monitoring In Cardiac Surgery (COSMICS)
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- National Heart Center Perfusion Guidelines.Saudi medical journal · 2026Guideline
- Neuromonitoring with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- 2024 EACTS/EACTAIC/EBCP Guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Guideline
- Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring (NIRS) in children and adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2024Pooled it
- The use of cerebral oximetry in cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of cardiac anaesthesiaPooled it
- Cerebral oximetry-guided anaesthesia and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized controlled trial.BMC geriatrics · 2026Trial
- The association between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and cerebral oximetry during cardiac surgery: a secondary analysis of a randomised trial.British journal of anaesthesia · 2019Trial
- Delirium after coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: The value of cerebral autoregulation.Perfusion · 2026Article
- Multimodal neuromonitoring-guided cerebral protection and early neurocognitive outcomes after aortic arch surgery.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- The relation between postoperative cognitive disorders and brain damage biomarkers after major urologic surgery: a prospective cohort study.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- 2024 EACTS/EACTAIC/EBCP Guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2025Article
- 2024 EACTS/EACTAIC/EBCP Guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery · 2025Article
- Noninvasive Bedside Approaches for Assessing Microvascular Dysfunction.Journal of vascular research · 2025Review
- Inhaled NO at a crossroads in cardiac surgery: current need to improve mechanistic understanding, clinical trial design and scientific evidence.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Cerebral blood flow velocity and oxygenation in neonatal aortic arch repair at two perfusion temperatures.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery · 2023Article
- Microvascular dysfunction following cardiopulmonary bypass plays a central role in postoperative organ dysfunction.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Cerebral oxygen saturation as outcome predictor after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2022Article
- Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Determination of Cardiac Output Augmentation in a Swine Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Critical care explorations · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesGoal-directed optimisation of cerebral oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during cardiopulmonary bypass is widely used. We tested the hypotheses that the use of NIRS cerebral oximetry results in reductions in cerebral injury (neurocognitive function, serum biomarkers), injury to other organs including the heart and brain, transfusion rates, mortality and resource use.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis.
settingTertiary cardiac surgery centres in North America, Europe and Asia.
participantsA search of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, Medline, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus from inception to November 2016 identified 10 randomised trials, enrolling a total of 1466 patients, all in adult cardiac surgery.
interventionsNIRS-based algorithms designed to optimise cerebral oxygenation versus standard care (non-NIRS-based) protocols in cardiac surgery patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, organ injury affecting the brain, heart and kidneys, red cell transfusion and resource use.
resultsTwo of the 10 trials identified in the literature search were considered at low risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated similar mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.76, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.96), major morbidity including stroke (RR 1. 08, 95% CI 0.40 to 2.91), red cell transfusion and resource use in NIRS-treated patients and controls, with little or no heterogeneity. Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation of the quality of the evidence was low or very low for all of the outcomes assessed.
conclusionsThe results of this systematic review did not support the hypotheses that cerebral NIRS-based algorithms have clinical benefits in cardiac surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42015027696.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.