ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2017
Multiple evolutionary origins of Trypanosoma evansi in Kenya.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Detection of Trypanosoma evansi in jaguars (Panthera onca): insights from the Brazilian Pantanal wetland.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- Equine Trypanosomiasis: Molecular Detection, Hematological, and Oxidative Stress Profiling.Veterinary medicine international · 2024Article
- Molecular identification of new Trypanosoma evansi type non-A/B isolates from buffaloes and cattle in Indonesia.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2024Article
- Molecular and genetic diversity in isolates of Trypanosoma evansi from naturally infected horse and dogs by using RoTat 1.2 VSG gene in Madhya Pradesh, India.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- Genotyping of Trypanosoma brucei evansi in Egyptian camels: detection of a different non-RoTat 1.2 Trypanosoma brucei evansi in Egyptian camels.Tropical animal health and production · 2023Article
- Genetic connectivity of trypanosomes between tsetse-infested and tsetse-free areas of Kenya.Parasitology · 2022Article
- Occurrence, diversity and distribution of Trypanosoma infections in cattle around the Akagera National Park, Rwanda.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Parasitological, serological, and molecular survey of trypanosomosis (Surra) in camels slaughtered in northwestern Nigeria.Tropical animal health and production · 2021Article
- Salivarian Trypanosomes Have Adopted Intricate Host-Pathogen Interaction Mechanisms That Ensure Survival in Plain Sight of the Adaptive Immune System.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- New Haplotypes of Trypanosoma evansi Identified in Dromedary Camels from Algeria.Acta parasitologica · 2021Article
- Multidrug resistance protein structure ofVeterinary world · 2021Article
- Article
- The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor: A Linchpin for Cell Surface Versatility of Trypanosomatids.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- An Unbiased Immunization Strategy Results in the Identification of Enolase as a Potential Marker for Nanobody-Based Detection ofVaccines · 2020Article
- Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges.Parasites & vectors · 2019Review
- Enhancing vector refractoriness to trypanosome infection: achievements, challenges and perspectives.BMC microbiology · 2018Article
- Isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride fail to cure mice infected with Ethiopian Trypanosoma evansi type A and B.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Mitochondrial DNA is critical for longevity and metabolism of transmission stage Trypanosoma brucei.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Genomic analyses of African Trypanozoon strains to assess evolutionary relationships and identify markers for strain identification.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
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Abstract
Trypanosoma evansi is the parasite causing surra, a form of trypanosomiasis in camels and other livestock, and a serious economic burden in Kenya and many other parts of the world. Trypanosoma evansi transmission can be sustained mechanically by tabanid and Stomoxys biting flies, whereas the closely related African trypanosomes T. brucei brucei and T. b. rhodesiense require cyclical development in tsetse flies (genus Glossina) for transmission. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary origins of T. evansi. We used 15 polymorphic microsatellites to quantify levels and patterns of genetic diversity among 41 T. evansi isolates and 66 isolates of T. b. brucei (n = 51) and T. b. rhodesiense (n = 15), including many from Kenya, a region where T. evansi may have evolved from T. brucei. We found that T. evansi strains belong to at least two distinct T. brucei genetic units and contain genetic diversity that is similar to that in T. brucei strains. Results indicated that the 41 T. evansi isolates originated from multiple T. brucei strains from different genetic backgrounds, implying independent origins of T. evansi from T. brucei strains. This surprising finding further suggested that the acquisition of the ability of T. evansi to be transmitted mechanically, and thus the ability to escape the obligate link with the African tsetse fly vector, has occurred repeatedly. These findings, if confirmed, have epidemiological implications, as T. brucei strains from different genetic backgrounds can become either causative agents of a dangerous, cosmopolitan livestock disease or of a lethal human disease, like for T. b. rhodesiense.
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