ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2017
PD-1 and PD-L1 Checkpoint Signaling Inhibition for Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanism, Combinations, and Clinical Outcome.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 943 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
943 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,726 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic implications of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2018 and 2025.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Anti-PD-(L)1 Antibodies: Insights From QSP-Based Meta-Analysis.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Low-dose PD-1 inhibition in relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma: systematic review and meta-analysis.Investigational new drugs · 2025Pooled it
- Unlocking the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cervical cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Comparative Oncology of Canine Malignant Melanoma in Targeted Therapy: A Systematic Review ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Exhaled breath analysis with the use of an electronic nose to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic melanoma: melaNose trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Two-Year Outcomes and Biomarker Analysis of Locally Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy from the Phase II WuhanUHGI001 Trial.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Trial
- The protein kinase IKK epsilon shapes the melanoma tumor microenvironment by modulating angiogenesis and the T-cell immunity.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Targeted Cepharanthine-Mediated Dual-Pathway Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer to Gemcitabine.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-based immunotherapy: integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) with current strategies in combating brain cancer disease.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Humanized Anti-PD-1 Antibodies Generated Using The Conditional Kernel-Elastic Autoencoder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Signaling Under Stress: Targeting the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Review
- Automated measurement of CD8+ T-cell distribution at the tumor epithelial-stromal interface is associated with NSCLC immunotherapy benefit and transcriptomic pathways.Journal of pathology informatics · 2026Article
- Investigating the repurposing potential of immune checkpoint inhibition for cancer treatment using Mendelian randomisation.Research square · 2026Article
- Assessment of the Novel rVSV-PD-1-4-1BBL Oncolytic Activity on Mouse and Human Cancer Cell Lines.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Rho GTPase-related prognostic signature for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma identifies CTTN as a candidate adverse prognostic marker.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- CAR-T cells directed toward PD-L1 demonstrate potent, antigen-specific activity against cholangiocarcinoma: A proof of concept study.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
883 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Several cancers are highly refractory to conventional chemotherapy. The survival of tumors in several cases is assisted by checkpoint immunomodulation to maintain the imbalance between immune surveillance and cancer cell proliferation. Check point antibody inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1, are a novel class of inhibitors that function as a tumor suppressing factor via modulation of immune cell-tumor cell interaction. These checkpoint blockers are rapidly becoming a highly promising cancer therapeutic approach that yields remarkable antitumor responses with limited side effects. In recent times, more than four check point antibody inhibitors have been commercialized for targeting PD-1, PDL-1, and CTLA-4. Despite the huge success and efficacy of the anti-PD therapy response, it is limited to specific types of cancers, which attributes to the insufficient and heterogeneous expression of PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we review the current landscape of the PD-1/PD-L1 mechanistic role in tumor immune evasion and therapeutic outcome for cancer treatment. We also review the current progress in clinical trials, combination of drug therapy with immunotherapy, safety, and future of check point inhibitors for multiple types of cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.