ArticleCost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E2017
Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination in Germany.
Article in Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-effectiveness modeling for gender-neutral human papillomavirus vaccines: A systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Are intersectoral costs considered in economic evaluations of interventions relating to sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? A systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Health economic evaluation of health promotion and disease prevention in Germany: a scoping review.Health economics review · 2026Review
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping strategies for management of HPV-positive women in cervical cancer screening.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Analysis of human papillomavirus model with vaccination and individual heterogeneity.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Factors associated with HPV vaccine hesitancy among college students: A cross-sectional survey based on 3Cs and structural equation model in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Recovery from HPV vaccination deficits caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: a modeling study of catch-up HPV vaccination among adolescent girls.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit of Cervical Cancer Screening with Liquid Based Cytology Compared with Conventional Cytology in Germany.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2020Article
- German value sets for the EORTC QLU-C10D, a cancer-specific utility instrument based on the EORTC QLQ-C30.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2019Article
- Pricing of HPV vaccines in European tender-based settings.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2019Article
- Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing.Viruses · 2018Review
- Present challenges in cervical cancer prevention: Answers from cost-effectiveness analyses.Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation OncologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in addition to the current cervical cancer screening programme in Germany using a dynamic transmission model.
methodsBased on a mathematical model simulating the transmission dynamics and the natural history of HPV infection and associated diseases (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, and genital warts), we estimated the epidemiological and economic consequences of HPV vaccination with both the quadrivalent and bivalent vaccines. In our base case analysis, we assessed the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating 12-year-old girls with a 3-dose schedule. In sensitivity analysis, we also evaluated the use of a 2-dose schedule and assessed the impact of vaccinating boys.
resultsFrom a health care payer perspective, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of a 3-dose schedule were €34,249 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for the bivalent and €14,711 per QALY for the quadrivalent vaccine. Inclusion of indirect costs decreased ICERs by up to 40%. When adopting a health care payer perspective, ICERs of a 2-dose approach decreased to €19,450 per QALY for the bivalent and to €3645 per QALY for the quadrivalent vaccine. From a societal perspective, a 2-dose approach using the quadrivalent vaccine was a cost-saving strategy while using the bivalent vaccine resulted in an ICER of €13,248 per QALY. Irrespective of the perspective adopted, additional vaccination of boys resulted in ICERs exceeding €50,000 per QALY, except for scenarios with low coverage (20%) in girls.
conclusionsOur model results suggest that routine HPV vaccination of 12-year-old girls with three doses is likely to be cost-effective in Germany. Due to the additional impact on genital warts, the quadrivalent vaccine appeared to be more cost-effective than the bivalent vaccine. A 2-dose schedule of the quadrivalent vaccine might even lead to cost savings when adopting a societal perspective. The cost-effectiveness of additional vaccination of boys was highly dependent on the coverage in girls.
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