ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2017
Genetic Associations with Gestational Duration and Spontaneous Preterm Birth.
Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 224 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
224citing papers in PubMed, 19 pooled it
27.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
224 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 412 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early gestational prediction of spontaneous preterm birth using a validated three-protein serum biomarker panel.BMC medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of genetic association studies on the susceptibility of preterm birth in Asia.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2025Pooled it
- Genome-wide analyses identify 25 infertility loci and relationships with reproductive traits across the allele frequency spectrum.Nature genetics · 2025Pooled it
- Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies five loci associated with postpartum hemorrhage.Nature genetics · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of gestational duration and spontaneous preterm birth identifies new maternal risk loci.PLoS genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Genetic effects on the timing of parturition and links to fetal birth weight.Nature genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization study of maternal coffee consumption and its influence on birthweight, stillbirth, miscarriage, gestational age and pre-term birth.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index and placental DNA methylation identifies 27 CpG sites with implications for mother-child health.Communications biology · 2022Pooled it
- Advancing our understanding of genetic risk factors and potential personalized strategies for pelvic organ prolapse.Nature communications · 2022Pooled it
- Association of maternal prenatal selenium concentration and preterm birth: a multicountry meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2021Pooled it
- Placental DNA methylation signatures of maternal smoking during pregnancy and potential impacts on fetal growth.Nature communications · 2021Pooled it
- Investigating the causal effect of maternal vitamin B12 and folate levels on offspring birthweight.International journal of epidemiology · 2021Pooled it
- Pregnancy cohorts and biobanking in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- The Role of Host Genetic Factors in Coronavirus Susceptibility: Review of Animal and Systematic Review of Human Literature.American journal of human genetics · 2020Pooled it
- Cervical pessary to prevent preterm birth in asymptomatic high-risk women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Pooled it
- Genome-wide association identifies seven loci for pelvic organ prolapse in Iceland and the UK Biobank.Communications biology · 2020Pooled it
- Variants in the fetal genome near pro-inflammatory cytokine genes on 2q13 associate with gestational duration.Nature communications · 2019Pooled it
- Maternal and fetal genetic effects on birth weight and their relevance to cardio-metabolic risk factors.Nature genetics · 2019Pooled it
- Evidence for maternal autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of preterm birth.Nature immunology · 2026Article
164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
38 authors at 14 institutions in 7 countries.
Ge ZhangFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Bjarke FeenstraFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Jonas BacelisFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Xueping LiuFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Lisa M MugliaFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Julius JuodakisFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Daniel E MillerFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Nadia LittermanFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Pan-Pan JiangFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Laura RussellFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
David A HindsFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Youna HuFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Matthew T WeirauchFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Xiaoting ChenFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Arun R ChavanFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Günter P WagnerFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Mihaela PavličevFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Mauris C NnamaniFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Jamie MaziarzFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Minna K KarjalainenFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Mika RämetFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Verena SengpielFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Frank GellerFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Heather A BoydFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Aarno PalotieFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Allison MomanyFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Bruce BedellFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Kelli K RyckmanFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Johanna M HuuskoFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Carmy R ForneyFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Leah C KottyanFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Mikko HallmanFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Kari TeramoFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Ellen A NohrFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
George Davey SmithFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Mads MelbyeFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Bo JacobssonFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Louis J MugliaFrom the Division of Human Genetics (G.Z., L.J.M.), Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (M.T.W., D.E.M., X.C., C.R.F., L.C.K.) and the Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology (M.T.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative (G.Z., L.M.M., M.P., J.M.H., L.J.M.), Cincinnati; the Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut (B.F., X.L., F.G., H.A.B., M.M.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (M.M.), Copenhagen, and the Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (E.A.N.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Östra (J.B., V.S.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences (J.J.), and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 23andMe, Mountain View (N.L., P.-P.J., L.R., D.A.H., Y.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (M.M.) - both in California; the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.), and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School (G.P.W.), New Haven, and the Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven (A.R.C., G.P.W., M.C.N., J.M.) - all in Connecticut; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit (G.P.W.); the PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.K.K., M.R., J.M.H., M.H.), and the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki (A.P.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital (K.T.), Helsinki - all in Finland; the Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.P.), and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge (A.P.) - both in Massachusetts; the Departments of Pediatrics (A.M., B.B.) and Epidemiology (K.K.R.), College of Public Health, and the Department of Pediatrics (K.K.R.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; the Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (G.D.S.); and the Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (B.J.).
Perinatal Institute · GBOulu University Hospital · FIUniversity of Gothenburg · SECincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · USStatens Serum Institut · DKYale University · USMarch of Dimes · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USMedical Research Council · GBNorwegian Institute of Public Health · NOSystems Biology Institute · JPUniversity of Copenhagen · DKUniversity of Helsinki · FIUniversity of Southern Denmark · DK
Funding
Gene-Environment Interactions in an Autism Birth CohortU01NS047537 · NINDS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI LIPKIN, W. IAN · 2003 to 2013
$27.0MTissue Repository CoreP30AR070549 · NIAMS · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI Leah Claire Kottyan · 2016 to 2026
$7.7MGenome Wide Association Coordinating CenterU01HG004446 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI WEIR, BRUCE S. · 2007 to 2011
$6.6MMechanisms of genetic risk at 2p23 in Eosinophilic EsophagitisR01DK107502 · NIDDK · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI KOTTYAN, LEAH CLAIRE · 2016 to 2020
$1.8MMechanisms of Health and Disease at the Behavioral-Biomedical InterfaceT32GM108540 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI LUTGENDORF, SUSAN K, VOSS, MICHELLE WEBB · 2014 to 2023
$1.7MGenome-wide association studies of prematurity and its complicationsU01HG004423 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI MURRAY, JEFFREY C · 2007 to 2010
$1.5MEPA EP-C-15-003Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/1NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004423NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004446NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR070549NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK107502NIEHS NIH HHS N01 ES075558NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM108540NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS047537Wellcome Trust
Abstract
backgroundDespite evidence that genetic factors contribute to the duration of gestation and the risk of preterm birth, robust associations with genetic variants have not been identified. We used large data sets that included the gestational duration to determine possible genetic associations.
methodsWe performed a genomewide association study in a discovery set of samples obtained from 43,568 women of European ancestry using gestational duration as a continuous trait and term or preterm (<37 weeks) birth as a dichotomous outcome. We used samples from three Nordic data sets (involving a total of 8643 women) to test for replication of genomic loci that had significant genomewide association (P<5.0×10
resultsIn the discovery and replication data sets, four loci (EBF1, EEFSEC, AGTR2, and WNT4) were significantly associated with gestational duration. Functional analysis showed that an implicated variant in WNT4 alters the binding of the estrogen receptor. The association between variants in ADCY5 and RAP2C and gestational duration had suggestive significance in the discovery set and significant evidence of association in the replication sets; these variants also showed genomewide significance in a joint analysis. Common variants in EBF1, EEFSEC, and AGTR2 showed association with preterm birth with genomewide significance. An analysis of mother-infant dyads suggested that these variants act at the level of the maternal genome.
conclusionsIn this genomewide association study, we found that variants at the EBF1, EEFSEC, AGTR2, WNT4, ADCY5, and RAP2C loci were associated with gestational duration and variants at the EBF1, EEFSEC, and AGTR2 loci with preterm birth. Previously established roles of these genes in uterine development, maternal nutrition, and vascular control support their mechanistic involvement. (Funded by the March of Dimes and others.).
Indexed as
Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetic VariationGestational AgeAdenylyl CyclasesDatasets as TopicFemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansPeptide Elongation FactorsPhenotypePolymorphism, Single NucleotidePregnancyPremature Birthras ProteinsReceptor, Angiotensin, Type 2Regression AnalysisAdenylyl Cyclasesadenylyl cyclase type VEBF1 protein, humanEEFSEC protein, humanPeptide Elongation FactorsRap2C protein, humanras ProteinsReceptor, Angiotensin, Type 2Trans-ActivatorsWnt4 Protein
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