ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2018
Mailed Human Papillomavirus Self-Collection With Papanicolaou Test Referral for Infrequently Screened Women in the United States.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Health Education Programs for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Rural Communities: Implications for Promoting Health Equity.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention Interventions for African American Women: Implications for Promoting Health Equity.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2024Pooled it
- Variation in Cervical Cancer Screening Preferences among Medically Underserved Individuals in the United States: A Systematic Review.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Streamlined Self-Collection Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections and Human Papillomavirus: A Single-Group Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- A Mail-Based HPV Self-Collection Program to Increase Cervical Cancer Screening in Appalachia: Results of a Group Randomized Trial.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effect of HPV self-collection kits on cervical cancer screening uptake among under-screened women from low-income US backgrounds (MBMT-3): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Public health · 2023Trial
- Performance and acceptability of self-collected human papillomavirus testing among women living with HIV.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2020Trial
- Acceptability of HPV self-sampling in three urban academic emergency departments.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Cervical Cancer Screening With Human Papillomavirus Self-Collection Testing in an Opioid Treatment Program.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- HPV-Driven Cervical Carcinogenesis: Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Is there a difference in sample adequacy when vaginal HPV DNA samples are self-collected at home, a health post, or a primary care health center in rural Ethiopia? Implications for community cervical cancer screening.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Development and Evaluation of Innovation Scales for Mail-Based Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Self-Collection Among U.S. Low-Income Women.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Juntas Contra el Virus del Papiloma Humano: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial of an HPV self-sampling intervention for underscreened Latinas.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2025Article
- Acceptability of HPV self-collection: A qualitative study of Black women living with type II diabetes and social vulnerability.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Article
- HPV self-sampling among women in the United States: preferences for implementation.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- The Acceptability and Feasibility of Self-Collected HPV Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening Among Black and Latinx Women in Chicago: Perspectives from the Community.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of self-sampling-based cervical cancer screening strategy using HPV Selfy CE-IVD test coupled with home-collection kit: a clinical study in Italy.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Self-Collection for Primary HPV Testing: Perspectives on Implementation From Federally Qualified Health Centers.Preventing chronic disease · 2023Article
- Comment on Self-Sampling Methodology Impression for Cervical Cancer Screening.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTesting for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection using mailed, self-collected samples is a promising approach to increase screening in women who do not attend clinic screening at recommended intervals.
methodsTo assess this intervention among high-risk women in the United States, 429 women without a Papanicolaou (Pap) test in 4 or more years (overdue by US guidelines) were recruited from the general population. Participants aged 30 to 65 years were mailed a kit to self-collect a cervicovaginal sample at home, return the sample by mail, and receive HPV results by telephone, with referral to follow-up cytological Pap testing at a local clinic. Cervicovaginal self-samples were collected with a Viba brush, stored in Scope mouthwash, and tested by Hybrid Capture 2. Data were collected in 2010 to 2011 and analyzed in 2017.
resultsTwo-thirds (64%) of participants returned a self-collected sample, of whom 15% tested HPV DNA positive. Human papillomavirus self-test-positive women reported higher rates of follow-up Pap tests (82%) than did those with self-test negative results (51%). No demographic differences were found in self-test return rate or HPV positivity. High acceptability was reported in participant surveys: most women (81%) had "mostly positive" overall thoughts about the self-test, and most reported being comfortable receiving the kit in the mail (99%), returning their self-collected sample by mail (82%), and receiving their test results by telephone (97%).
conclusionsConducting HPV self-testing through population-based recruitment, mailed kit delivery and return by mail, and results delivery by telephone has the potential to reach a broad segment of US underscreened women.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.