Germ cell line during the seasonal sexual rest of clams: finding niches of cells for gonad renewal.

Reconstitution and renewal of tissues are key topics in developmental biology. In this brief work, we analyzed the wintry spent phase of the reproductive cycle in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Bivalvia, Veneridae) in order to study the gonad rebuilding that in this species occurs at the beginning of the warmer months. We labeled VASA homolog protein-a germ cell marker-and compared the histological observations of the spent phase with those of the previously analyzed gametogenic phase. In R. philippinarum, during the reproductive season, most of the body mass is represented by sack-like structures (acini) full of developing gametes. In that period, VASA-stained cells are present at the basal pole of the gut epithelium, in the connective tissue, and around the acini. We here show that during the spent phase large portions of the intestine lack such cell type, except for some areas showing a few faintly VASA-stained cells. Cells with similar nuclear morphology are present among loosely organized cells of connective tissue, sometimes as single units, sometimes in small groups, rarely partially organized in primordial gonadic structures. These observations match the findings of RNA-targeting studies that during the spent phase identified the source of bivalve germ cells within the connective tissue in the form of quiescent units and add new information on the possible maintenance of VASA-stained, multipotent cells among the batiprismatic cells of the intestine during the whole life span of these bivalves.