Trial reportVaccine2018
The effect of probiotics and zinc supplementation on the immune response to oral rotavirus vaccine: A randomized, factorial design, placebo-controlled study among Indian infants.
Trial report in Vaccine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions to improve oral vaccine performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- Effect of Antibiotic-Mediated Microbiome Modulation on Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity: A Human, Randomized-Control Proof-of-Concept Trial.Cell host & microbe · 2018Trial
- Klebsiella-dominant gut communities are associated with impeded oral rotavirus vaccine response in infants.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Why does rotavirus vaccine effectiveness vary around the globe?PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- Review
- Oral rotavirus vaccine effectiveness among malnourished children in 19 countries: Findings from the MNSSTER-V project.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026Article
- Multi-omics analysis reveals gut microbiota-host transcriptomic remodeling associated with the protective effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG against rotavirus enteritis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Review
- The Effect of the Combination of Probiotics and Heavy Metals From Various Aspects in Humans: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trial Studies.Health science reports · 2025Review
- Geographic disparities impacting oral vaccine performance: Observations and future directions.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- Interplay between nutrition, microbiota, and immunity in rotavirus infection: insights from human and animal models.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Article
- Immunological factors linked to geographical variation in vaccine responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Correlates of immune protection against human rotaviruses: natural infection and vaccination.Archives of virology · 2024Review
- Biological Characterization and Metabolic Variations among Cell-Free Supernatants Produced by Selected Plant-Based Lactic Acid Bacteria.Metabolites · 2023Article
- The Efficacy of Probiotics as Antiviral Agents for the Treatment of Rotavirus Gastrointestinal Infections in Children: An Updated Overview of Literature.Microorganisms · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStrategies are needed to improve oral rotavirus vaccine (RV), which provides suboptimal protection in developing countries. Probiotics and zinc supplementation could improve RV immunogenicity by altering the intestinal microbiota and immune function.
methodsInfants 5weeks old living in urban Vellore, India were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a 4-arm factorial design to assess the effects of daily zinc (5mg), probiotic (10
resultsThe study took place during July 2012 to February 2013. 620 infants were randomized equally between study arms and 551 (88.9%) completed per protocol. Seroconversion was recorded in 54/137 (39.4%), 42/136 (30.9%), 40/143 (28.0%), and 37/135 (27.4%) infants receiving (1) probiotic and zinc, (2) probiotic and placebo, (3) placebo and zinc, (4) two placebos. Seroconversion showed a modest improvement among infants receiving probiotic (difference between groups 1, 2 and 3, 4 was 7.5% (97.5% Confidence Interval (CI): -1.4%, 16.2%), p=0.066) but not zinc (difference between groups 1, 3 and 2, 4 was 4.4% (97.5% CI: -4.4%, 13.2%), p=0.272). 16 serious adverse events were recorded, none related to study interventions.
conclusionsZinc or probiotic supplementation did not significantly improve the low immunogenicity of rotavirus vaccine given to infants in a poor urban community in India. A modest effect of combined supplementation deserves further investigation.
trial registrationThe trial was registered in India (CTRI/2012/05/002677).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.