ArticleBMC cancer2017
The association between smoking and breast cancer characteristics and outcome.
Article in BMC cancer, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of smoking on subtypes and molecular profile of breast cancer: a systematic review.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Global determinants of breast cancer mortality: a comprehensive meta-analysis of clinical, demographic, and lifestyle risk factors.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Breast Reconstruction on Smoking Cessation Among Patients With Breast Cancer.Journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Genetic Variants inGenes · 2025Article
- The recurrence and mortality risk in Luminal A breast cancer patients who lived in high pollution area.PloS one · 2025Article
- Alcohol, Smoking, and Risks of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Mortality among Women with Luminal, Triple-Negative, and HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- A 14-Year Analysis of Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Its Determinants of Mortality in Rural Southwestern Nigeria.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2024Article
- A Health Inequity: Associations Between Cigarette Smoking Status and Mammogram Screening Among Women of Color.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach in neutrophil-mediated inflammatory disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Association Between Smoking Status and Breast Cancer Recurrence: A Systematic Review.Journal of breast cancer · 2022Article
- Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and Cancer Characteristics and Survival among Breast Cancer Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Global Increase in Breast Cancer Incidence: Risk Factors and Preventive Measures.BioMed research international · 2022Review
- The Association Between Breast Cancer and Blood-Based Methylation ofFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Breast cancer in Trinidad and Tobago: Etiopathogenesis, histopathology and receptor study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2021Article
- Evaluation of lifestyle risk factor differences in global patterns of breast cancer mortality and DALYs during 1990-2017 using hierarchical age-period-cohort analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Article
- Risk factors of breast cancer among patients in a tertiary care hospitals in Afghanistan: a case control study.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Metastasis-Specific Gene Expression in Autochthonous and Allograft Mouse Mammary Tumor Models: Stratification and Identification of Targetable Signatures.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2020Article
- Interplay between BRCA1 and GADD45A and Its Potential for Nucleotide Excision Repair in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Pathological Factors Influencing Outcomes in Locally Advanced Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Brazilian Cohort.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking is associated with an increased incidence of hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Data regarding worse breast cancer outcome in smokers are accumulating. Current literature regarding the impact of smoking on breast cancer characteristics is limited. We evaluated the impact of smoking on breast cancer characteristics and outcome.
methodsThis was a retrospective single center study. All women diagnosed from 4/2005 through 3/2012 and treated in our institute for early, estrogen receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative breast cancer, whose tumors were sent for Oncotype DX analysis were included. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, clinico-pathological parameters, treatment and outcome. Data regarding smoking were retrieved according to patients' history at the first visit in the oncology clinic. Patients were grouped and compared according to smoking history (ever smokers vs. never smokers), smoking status (current vs. former and never smokers) and smoking intensity (pack years ≥30 vs. the rest of the cohort). Outcomes were adjusted in multivariate analyses and included age, menopausal status, ethnicity, tumor size, nodal status and grade.
resultsA total of 662 women were included. 28.2% had a history of smoking, 16.6% were current smokers and 11.3% were heavy smokers. Smoking had no impact on tumor size, nodal involvement and Oncotype DX recurrence score. Angiolymphatic and perineural invasion rates were higher in current smokers than in the rest of the cohort (10.4% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.045, 8.3% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.031, respectively). Smoking had no other impact on histological characteristics. Five-year disease free survival and overall survival rates were 95.7% and 98.5%, respectively. Smoking had no impact on outcomes. Adjusted disease free survival and overall survival did not influence the results.
conclusionsSmoking had no clinically significant influence on tumor characteristics and outcome among women with estrogen receptor positive, HER2 negative, early breast cancer. As the study was limited to a specific subgroup of the breast cancer population in this heterogeneous disease and since smoking is a modifiable risk factor for the disease, further research is required to clarify the possible impact of smoking on breast cancer.
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