ArticlePLoS pathogens2017
Divergent LysM effectors contribute to the virulence of Beauveria bassiana by evasion of insect immune defenses.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic signatures of host-range divergence in the generalist Beauveria bassiana and the specialist Beauveria brongniartii.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Article
- Virulensome: a transient organelle mediating fungal virulence.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- The role of fungal chitinases in the tripartite interactions among insects, plants and entomopathogenic fungi.Pest management science · 2026Review
- Advanced Research on LysM Domain-Containing Proteins: Functional Mechanisms and Roles in Pathogenicity of Plant Fungi.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Drosophila host defense mechanisms against filamentous fungal pathogens with diverse lifestyles.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Dual Disruption of the Immune Cytokine Spätzle Facilitates Fungal Infection of Diverse Insect Hosts.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The PKS-NRPS GeneJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ancient origin and high diversity of zymocin-like killer toxins in the budding yeast subphylum.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Fungal evasion ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic insights into the interplay between polyketide biosynthesis and other secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters and biological pathways in entomopathogenFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Functional characterization of BbEaf6 inVirulence · 2024Article
- Histone deacetylase HDAC3 regulates ergosterol production for oxidative stress tolerance in the entomopathogenic and endophytic fungusmSystems · 2024Article
- Signatures of transposon-mediated genome inflation, host specialization, and photoentrainment ineLife · 2024Article
- Signatures of transposon-mediated genome inflation, host specialization, and photoentrainment inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Two sirtuin proteins, Hst3 and Hst4, modulate asexual development, stress tolerance, and virulence by affecting global gene expression inMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Effector Research ofBiomolecules · 2023Review
- Using machine learning to predict protein-protein interactions between a zombie ant fungus and its carpenter ant host.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Insect fungal pathogens secrete a cell wall-associated glucanase that acts to help avoid recognition by the host immune system.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Chitinase Is Involved in the Fruiting Body Development of Medicinal FungusLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- OTU7B Modulates the Mosquito Immune Response to Beauveria bassiana Infection via Deubiquitination of the Toll Adaptor TRAF4.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The lysin motif (LysM) containing proteins can bind chitin and are ubiquitous in various organisms including fungi. In plant pathogenic fungi, a few LysM proteins have been characterized as effectors to suppress chitin-induced immunity in plant hosts and therefore contribute to fungal virulence. The effector mechanism is still questioned in fungus-animal interactions. In this study, we found that LysM proteins are also present in animal pathogenic fungi and have evolved divergently. The genome of the insect pathogen Beauveria bassiana encodes 12 LysM proteins, and the genes were differentially transcribed by the fungus when grown in different conditions. Deletion of six genes that were expressed by the fungus growing in insects revealed that two, Blys2 and Blys5, were required for full fungal virulence. Both proteins could bind chitin and Blys5 (containing two LysM domains) could additionally bind chitosan and cellulose. Truncation analysis of Blys2 (containing five LysM domains) indicated that the combination of LysM domains could determine protein-binding affinity and specificity for different carbohydrates. Relative to the wild-type strain, loss of Blys2 or Blys5 could impair fungal propagation in insect hemocoels and lead to the upregulation of antifungal gene in insects. Interestingly, the virulence defects of ΔBlys2 and ΔBlys5 could be fully restored by complementation with the Slp1 effector from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In contrast to Slp1 and Blys2, Blys5 could potentially protect fungal hyphae against chitinase hydrolysis. The results of this study not only advance the understanding of LysM protein evolution but also establish the effector mechanism of fungus-animal interactions.
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