ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2017
Sex/Gender Differences in Cotinine Levels Among Daily Smokers in the Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- A DNA Methylation-based algorithm Improves Lung Cancer risk prediction in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Traditional and Electronic Cigarette Usage Patterns, Dependence, and Perceptions Among Ajman University Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Associations Between Childhood Trauma and Tobacco Use Outcomes in Adults after Overnight Abstinence.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Nicotine is associated with smoking dependence and vascular inflammation through cotinine: A mediation analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Active smoking in urban households: An association between urinary cotinine metabolite level and serum eGFR concentration.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- The importance of translationally evaluating steroid hormone contributions to substance use.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2023Review
- Cotinine as a Sentinel of Canine Exposure to Tobacco Smoke.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Using Cg05575921 methylation to predict lung cancer risk: a potentially bias-free precision epigenetics approach.Epigenetics · 2022Article
- Nicotine and cotinine quantification after a 4-week inhalation of electronic cigarette vapors in male and female mice using UPLC-MS/MS.Saudi medical journal · 2022Article
- Serum Concentrations of Cotinine and Trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine in US Adults: Results From Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Gender Differences in Reasons for Using Electronic Cigarettes and Product Characteristics: Findings From the 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Thirdhand Smoke Contamination and Infant Nicotine Exposure in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Observational
- Household Smoking Restrictions, Time to First Cigarette and Tobacco Dependence.Journal of smoking cessation · 2021Article
- What factors reliably predict electronic cigarette nicotine delivery?Tobacco control · 2020Article
- Puffing topography and physiological responses in men and women with low versus high waterpipe dependence during smoking: The WiHi Irbid project.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- The Use of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio as a Biomarker to Personalize Smoking Cessation Treatment: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Review
- Smoking Topography among Korean Smokers: Intensive Smoking Behavior with Larger Puff Volume and Shorter Interpuff Interval.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Nighttime Waking to Smoke, Stress, and Nicotine Addiction.Behavioral sleep medicineArticle
- Puffing topography: a tool to evaluate vaping behavior and exposure risks.Inhalation toxicologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study was conducted to determine sex/gender differences in smoke exposure and to quantify the role of potential predictors including puffing behaviors, nicotine dependence, and non-nicotinic factors.
methodsThe Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study (PASS) of 332 adult cigarette smokers utilized portable handheld topography devices to capture the smokers' profiles in a naturalistic environment. Sex/gender differences in salivary biomarkers were modeled using ANCOVA to account for measures of dependence (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, nicotine metabolite ratio [3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine]), and nondependence covariates including anthropomorphic factors and stress. The Blinder-Oaxaca method was used to decompose the sex/gender differences in nicotine uptake due to covariates.
resultsMen had significantly higher cotinine levels (313.5 ng/mL vs. 255.8 ng/mL, p < 0.01), cotinine +3-hydroxycotinine levels, (0.0787 mol/L vs. 0.0675 mol/L, p = 0.01), puff volumes (52.95 mL vs. 44.77 mL, p < 0.01), and a lower nicotine metabolite ratio (0.396 vs. 0.475, p = 0.01) than women. The mean Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score did not differ between men and women (p = 0.24). Women had a higher mean Hooked on Tobacco Checklist score than men (7.64 vs. 6.87, p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, nicotine metabolite levels were not significantly different by sex. Decomposition results show that ten predictors can explain 83% of the sex/gender differences in cotinine uptake. Height was the greatest contributor to these differences, followed by average puff volume. Conclusion and Impact: The higher levels of nicotine metabolites in men, compared to women, can be explained by height, weight, puff volume, and nicotine metabolism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.