ReviewImmunology2018
Update on Aire and thymic negative selection.
Review in Immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aire and Fezf2 Shape the Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Immunopeptidome for Central Tolerance.Immunology · 2026Review
- Thymic APC Networks Orchestrate T-Cell Selection: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities in Immune Disorders.Immunology · 2026Review
- AIRE transcriptional condensates in central tolerance: a multiscale mechanistic perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Development of αβ and γδ T Cells in the Thymus and Methods of Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Thymus as a Mirror of the Body's Gene Expression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Temporal modulation of gene expression in a controlledFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The CRISPR-Cas9 System Is Used to Edit the Autoimmune Regulator Gene in Vitro and in Vivo.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Article
- An uncommon presentation of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1)-A case report.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Immune tolerance and the prevention of autoimmune diseases essentially depend on thymic tissue homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Transcriptomic profiling of thymic dysregulation and viral tropism after neonatal roseolovirus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The single-cell transcriptome of mTECs and CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders in Endocrine Pathology.Endocrine pathology · 2023Review
- Review
- A partial form of AIRE deficiency underlies a mild form of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- A Beginner's Guide to T Cell Development.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Thymic self-antigen expression for immune tolerance and surveillance.Inflammation and regeneration · 2022Review
- miR-155 exerts posttranscriptional control of autoimmune regulator (Aire) and tissue-restricted antigen genes in medullary thymic epithelial cells.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- The absence of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) impairs the three-dimensional structure of medullary thymic epithelial cell spheroids.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2022Article
- Disruption of thymic central tolerance by infection with murine roseolovirus induces autoimmune gastritis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Twenty years ago, the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene was associated with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy, and was cloned and sequenced. Its importance goes beyond its abstract link with human autoimmune disease. Aire identification opened new perspectives to better understand the molecular basis of central tolerance and self-non-self distinction, the main properties of the immune system. Since 1997, a growing number of immunologists and molecular geneticists have made important discoveries about the function of Aire, which is essentially a pleiotropic gene. Aire is one of the functional markers in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), controlling their differentiation and expression of peripheral tissue antigens (PTAs), mTEC-thymocyte adhesion and the expression of microRNAs, among other functions. With Aire, the immunological tolerance became even more apparent from the molecular genetics point of view. Currently, mTECs represent the most unusual cells because they express almost the entire functional genome but still maintain their identity. Due to the enormous diversity of PTAs, this uncommon gene expression pattern was termed promiscuous gene expression, the interpretation of which is essentially immunological - i.e. it is related to self-representation in the thymus. Therefore, this knowledge is strongly linked to the negative selection of autoreactive thymocytes. In this update, we focus on the most relevant results of Aire as a transcriptional and post-transcriptional controller of PTAs in mTECs, its mechanism of action, and its influence on the negative selection of autoreactive thymocytes as the bases of the induction of central tolerance and prevention of autoimmune diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.