ArticleFrontiers in immunology2017
MicroRNA-21: A Positive Regulator for Optimal Production of Type I and Type III Interferon by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interplay between miR-21 and mTOR signaling in an experimental mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Probiotics Exert Gut Immunomodulatory Effects by Regulating the Expression of Host miRNAs.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- miRNA-21, an Important Regulator of Autoimmune Diseases.Current molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Herpesviruses and the Type III Interferon System.Virologica Sinica · 2021Review
- Type I Interferon Production of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells under Control.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- IL-21/type I interferon interplay regulates neutrophil-dependent innate immune responses toeLife · 2019Article
- The Interaction Between Two Worlds: MicroRNAs and Toll-Like Receptors.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Rhabdoviruses, Antiviral Defense, and SUMO Pathway.Viruses · 2018Review
- gga-miR-155 Enhances Type I Interferon Expression and Suppresses Infectious Burse Disease Virus Replication via Targeting SOCS1 and TANK.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Relationship of peripheral blood mononuclear cells miRNA expression and parasitic load in canine visceral leishmaniasis.PloS one · 2018Article
- Interferon (IFN)-λ Takes the Helm: Immunomodulatory Roles of Type III IFNs.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the major producers of type I and type III interferons (IFNs) that play essential roles in host antiviral immunity. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, noncoding RNAs that can modulate many immune processes. Although molecular regulation of type I IFN production by pDCs has been studied extensively, the regulation of type III IFN production has not been studied thoroughly, particularly at posttranscriptional level. We show here that miR-21 is an essential positive regulator for the production of both IFN-α and IFN-λ by pDCs and for promoting host defense against viral infection. miR-21 was markedly upregulated in toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated pDCs and was crucial for TLR7/9 ligand- or herpesvirus-induced production of IFN-α and IFN-λ by pDCs. miR-21-deficient pDCs produced significantly lower levels of IFN-α and IFN-λ on activation than those by wild-type pDCs. Impaired antiviral immune responses were also observed in miR-21-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we identified phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) as the major target of miR-21 in pDCs, and miR-21 deficiency resulted in increased expression of PTEN that suppressed TLR-mediated activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling in pDCs. Hence, our findings provide evidence that miR-21 positively regulates both IFN-α and IFN-λ production and identify an important role for miR-21 in regulating the function of pDCs and in host antiviral immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.