ArticleSkeletal muscle2017
Mice overexpressing growth hormone exhibit increased skeletal muscle myostatin and MuRF1 with attenuation of muscle mass.
Article in Skeletal muscle, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cumulative effects of lifelong systemic excess growth hormone on postcranial skeletal morphology in adult mice.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- β-Alanine decreases plasma taurine but improves nitrogen utilization efficiency in beef steers.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2025Article
- Taurine drives body protein renewal and accretion in beef steers.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2024Article
- Sex-specific increases in myostatin and SMAD3 contribute to obesity-related insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle and primary human myotubes.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Growth hormone treatment does not augment the anti-diabetic effects of liraglutide in UCD-T2DM rats.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2023Article
- Impact of Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis in Non-Cirrhotic Stages of Liver Diseases: Similarities and Differences across Aetiologies and Possible Therapeutic Strategies.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Musculoskeletal Effects of Altered GH Action.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Lactate-induced lactylation in skeletal muscle is associated with insulin resistance in humans.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Links Between Testosterone, Oestrogen, and the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis and Resistance Exercise Muscle Adaptations.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Review
- Somatotropic Axis Dysfunction in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Beneficial Hepatic and Systemic Effects of Hormone Supplementation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Can muscle protein metabolism be specifically targeted by nutritional support and exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?Journal of thoracic disease · 2018Review
- Paternal high-fat diet enhances offspring whole-body insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle insulin signaling early in life.Physiological reports · 2018Article
- Relative Contributions of Myostatin and the GH/IGF-1 Axis in Body Composition and Muscle Strength.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn contrast to the acute effects of growth hormone (GH) on skeletal muscle protein synthesis, long-term GH treatment appears to have negligible effects on muscle mass. Despite this knowledge, little is known regarding the chronic effects of GH on skeletal muscle protein synthesis and atrophy signaling pathways. The purpose of this study was to determine if protein synthesis pathways are attenuated and/or muscle atrophy intracellular signaling pathways are altered in the skeletal muscle of transgenic bovine GH (bGH) mice.
methodsThe gastrocnemius and soleus from 5-month-old male bGH mice (n = 9) and wild type (WT) controls (n = 9) were harvested and analyzed for proteins involved in the protein synthesis (Akt/mTOR), growth and proliferation (MAPK), and muscle atrophy (MuRF1 and myostatin) pathways.
resultsTotal body mass was significantly increased in bGH mice compared to WT controls (49%, P < 0.0001). When expressed relative to total body mass, the gastrocnemius (- 28%, P < 0.0001), but not the soleus, was significantly lower in mice overexpressing GH, compared to controls. Transgenic bGH mice had elevated phosphorylation levels of protein kinase b (Akt1), 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), p70 S6 kinase, p42/44, and p38 (P < 0.05) compared to WT littermates. Mature myostatin (26 kDa), premature myostatin (52 kDa), and activin receptor type IIB (AcvR2B) protein levels were increased in bGH mice (P < 0.05), along with elevated phosphorylation levels of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad2) (59%, P < 0.0001). Mice overexpressing GH had increased MuRF1 expression (30%, P < 0.05) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) serine phosphorylation (44%, P < 0.05) in the gastrocnemius, but not the soleus, when compared to controls.
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that chronic elevations in circulating GH have a critical impact on signaling pathways involved in skeletal muscle protein synthesis and atrophy, and suggest that MuRF1, myostatin, and IRS1 serine phosphorylation may act to inhibit exaggerated glycolytic muscle growth, in environments of chronic GH/IGF-1 excess.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.