ReviewToxins2017
Vaccines against Botulism.
Review in Toxins, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infectious bacteria as biological warfare agents: mechanisms, epidemiological threats, and defense strategies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- A genetically engineered neuronal membrane-based nanotoxoid elicits protective immunity against neurotoxins.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- Complexing Protein-Free Botulinum Neurotoxin A Formulations: Implications of Excipients for Immunogenicity.Toxins · 2024Review
- Novel platform for engineering stable and effective vaccines against botulinum neurotoxins A, B and E.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A DARPin promotes faster onset of botulinum neurotoxin A1 action.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
- Tetanus toxin and botulinum neurotoxin-derived fusion molecules are effective bivalent vaccines.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Recent Developments in Vaccine Design: From Live Vaccines to Recombinant Toxin Vaccines.Toxins · 2023Review
- Biological and Immunological Characterization of a Functional L-HN Derivative of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype F.Toxins · 2023Article
- Development and evaluation of a tetravalent botulinum vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Major pathogenicIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Review
- Functional EL-HN Fragment as a Potent Candidate Vaccine for the Prevention of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype E.Toxins · 2022Article
- A multipathogen DNA vaccine elicits protective immune responses against two class A bioterrorism agents, anthrax and botulism.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Review
- Biodefence research two decades on: worth the investment?The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Recombinant L-HN Fusion Antigen Derived from the L and HN Domains of Botulinum Neurotoxin B Stimulates a Protective Antibody Response Against Active Neurotoxin.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Characterization of immune response induced against catalytic domain of botulinum neurotoxin type E.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Development and evaluation of candidate subunit vaccine and novel antitoxin against botulinum neurotoxin serotype E.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) cause the flaccid paralysis of botulism by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from motor neurons. There are seven serotypes of BoNT (A-G), with limited therapies, and no FDA approved vaccine for botulism. An investigational formalin-inactivated penta-serotype-BoNT/A-E toxoid vaccine was used to vaccinate people who are at high risk of contracting botulism. However, this formalin-inactivated penta-serotype-BoNT/A-E toxoid vaccine was losing potency and was discontinued. This article reviews the different vaccines being developed to replace the discontinued toxoid vaccine. These vaccines include DNA-based, viral vector-based, and recombinant protein-based vaccines. DNA-based vaccines include plasmids or viral vectors containing the gene encoding one of the BoNT heavy chain receptor binding domains (HC). Viral vectors reviewed are adenovirus, influenza virus, rabies virus, Semliki Forest virus, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus. Among the potential recombinant protein vaccines reviewed are HC, light chain-heavy chain translocation domain, and chemically or genetically inactivated holotoxin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.