ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2017
Principles of pharmacology in the eye.
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Fungal Keratitis Caused by Colletotrichum dematium: Case Study and Review.Mycopathologia · 2019Pooled it
- Engineering multifunctional chitosan-based hydrogels for integrated antimicrobial therapy and endogenous stem cell-driven tissue repair in infectious keratitis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Aptamer-Based Delivery Systems for VEGF and NGF Modulation in Ocular Therapies.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- In vitro tolerability of soluble silicic acid and tetraethyl orthosilicate in ocular epithelial cells.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Article
- An enhanced-permeability amphiphilic nanogel loaded with sulforaphane for synergistic anti-oxidative and anti-ferroptotic therapy of corneal alkali burn.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Core-shell nanotherapeutics for diabetic cataract and retinopathy: current state-of-the-art and translational challenges.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Anatomically Guided Non-Viral CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery in the Eye: Overcoming Barriers for Precision Gene Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- In Vivo Comparison of Intracameral and Intravitreal Implantation of a Timolol Maleate Miniaturized Injectable Delivery System Device.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Advances in hydrogel-mediated gene therapy in ophthalmology: future directions and therapeutic potential.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Topical pyridostigmine for ocular myasthenia gravis: a translational hypothesis.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2026Article
- An analysis of global trends, collaborations, and future directions in hydrogel research for corneal applications over the last two decades.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Baicalin nano-micelles for dry eye disease: LC-MS/MS method validation, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in preclinical models.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025Article
- In Situ Forming Poloxamer-Based Thermo-Sensitive Hydrogels for Ocular Application: A Focus on the Derivatives 407 and 188.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Inorganic nanomaterials as promising therapeutic agents for ocular neovascularization: Progress and perspectives.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Optimizing instilled drug delivery: a scoping review of microdrops in ophthalmology.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Contact Lenses in Therapeutic Care: A Comprehensive Review of Past Innovations, Present Applications, and Future Directions.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Smart Polymers-Based Therapeutics in Ophthalmology.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Advances in Enzyme-responsive SupramolecularCurrent drug delivery · 2025Review
- Challenging glaucoma with emerging therapies: an overview of advancements against the silent thief of sight.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Patient Perspectives on Handling Single-Dose versus Multi-Dose Eye Drops: A Cross-Over Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The eye is a highly specialized organ that is subject to a huge range of pathology. Both local and systemic disease may affect different anatomical regions of the eye. The least invasive routes for ocular drug administration are topical (e.g. eye drops) and systemic (e.g. tablets) formulations. Barriers that subserve as protection against pathogen entry also restrict drug permeation. Topically administered drugs often display limited bioavailability due to many physical and biochemical barriers including the pre-corneal tear film, the structure and biophysiological properties of the cornea, the limited volume that can be accommodated by the cul-de-sac, the lacrimal drainage system and reflex tearing. The tissue layers of the cornea and conjunctiva are further key factors that act to restrict drug delivery. Using carriers that enhance viscosity or bind to the ocular surface increases bioavailability. Matching the pH and polarity of drug molecules to the tissue layers allows greater penetration. Drug delivery to the posterior segment is a greater challenge and, currently, the standard route is via intravitreal injection, notwithstanding the risks of endophthalmitis and retinal detachment with frequent injections. Intraocular implants that allow sustained drug release are at different stages of development. Novel exciting therapeutic approaches include methods for promoting transscleral delivery, sustained release devices, nanotechnology and gene therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.