ArticleBMJ open2017
Suicide and self-harm trends in recent immigrant youth in Ontario, 1996-2012: a population-based longitudinal cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03919760 (Enhancing Evidence-Based Practice for Youth and Emerging Adults With Early Psychosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Enhancing Evidence-Based Practice for Youth and Emerging Adults With Early Psychosis: Implementation and Evaluation in Diverse Service Settings
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide Mortality in Youths: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Socioeconomic Disparities in Concussion Presentation.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Cultural Considerations in Suicide Risk Assessment with Immigrant and Refugee Populations in Canada.Transcultural psychiatry · 2026Review
- Language ability and virtual mental healthcare utilisation among immigrant and refugee youth: a population-based cohort study.Archives of disease in childhood · 2024Article
- Suicide and Self-Harm Among Immigrant Youth to Ontario, Canada From Muslim Majority Countries: A Population-Based Study.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2023Article
- Emergency department visits and hospital admissions for suicidal ideation, self-poisoning and self-harm among adolescents in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2023Article
- Trends and Factors Associated with Suicide Deaths in Older Adults in Ontario, Canada.Canadian geriatrics journal : CGJ · 2022Article
- Suicide rates amongst individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Firearm injury epidemiology in children and youth in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Article
- Segmenting or Summing the Parts? A Scoping Review of Male Suicide Research in Canada.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2021Article
- Article
- Demographic Risk Factors for Suicide among Youths in The Netherlands.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Suicide and Self-Harm in Recent Immigrants in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Study.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2019Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Youth Suicidal Ideation and Attempts: Evidence from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the trends in suicide and emergency department (ED) visits for self-harm in youth by immigration status and immigrant characteristics.
designPopulation-based longitudinal cohort study from 1996 to 2012 using linked health and administrative datasets.
settingOntario, Canada.
participantsYouth 10 to 24 years, living in Ontario, Canada. EXPOSURE: The main exposure was immigrant status (recent immigrant (RI) versus long-term residents (LTR)). Secondary exposures included region of birth, duration or residence, and refugee status.
main outcome measureTrends over time in suicide and ED self-harm were modelled within consecutive 3-year time periods. Rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression models.
results2.5 to 2.9 million individuals were included per cohort period. LTR suicide rates ranged from 7.4 to 9.4/100 000 male person-years versus 2.2-3.4/100 000 females. RI's suicide rates were 2.7-7.2/100,000 male versus 1.9-2.7/100 000 female person-years. Suicide rates were lower among RI compared with LTR (adjusted relative rate (aRR)=0.70, 95% CI=0.57 to 0.85) with different mechanisms of suicide. No significant time trend in suicide rates was observed (p=0.40). ED self-harm rates for LTR and RI were highest in females (2.6-3.4/1000 LTR females versus 1.1-1.5/1000 males, 1.2-1.8/1000 RI females versus 0.4-0.6/1000 males). RI had lower rates of self-harm compared with LTR (aRR=0.60, 95% CI=0.56 to 0.65). Stratum-specific rates showed a steeper decline per period in RI compared with LTR (RI: aRR=0.85, 95% CI=0.81 to 0.89; LTR: aRR=0.91, 95% CI=0.90 to 0.93). Observed trends were not universal across region of origin and by refugee status.
interpretationSuicide rates have been stable and ED self-harm rates are declining over time among RI youth. These trends by important subgroups should continue to be monitored to allow for early identification of subpopulations of immigrant youth in need of targeted and culturally appropriate public health interventions.
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