ArticleJournal of infection and public health
Benchmarking of antibiotic usage: An adjustment to reflect antibiotic stewardship program outcome in a hospital in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Journal of infection and public health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Value of hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs [ASPs]: a systematic review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2019Pooled it
- Observed and Forecasted Antibiotic Consumption by ATC/DDD Metrics: A Real-World Modeling Study with Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Observational
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Impact on Antibiotic Use in Three Tertiary Hospitals in Zambia: A Comparative Point Prevalence Survey.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Investigating the Variability among Indicators for Quantifying Antimicrobial Use in the Intensive Care Units: Analysis of Real-world Evidence.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024Article
- A point prevalence survey and monitoring indicator research on the second batch of national key monitoring and rational use drugs.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Phones Used by Healthcare Workers in Critical Care Units: A Cross-Sectional Study from Saudi Arabia.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Ongoing Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization in Hospitals across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): Findings and Implications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Inpatient antibacterial use trends and patterns, China, 2013-2021.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Article
- Multidisciplinary Collaboration for the Optimization of Antibiotic Prescription: Analysis of Clinical Cases of Pneumonia between Emergency, Internal Medicine, and Pharmacy Services.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- An evaluation of toxigenicJournal of infection prevention · 2021Article
- Gut Dysbiosis, Bacterial Colonization and Translocation, and Neonatal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Study of combining virtual screening and antiviral treatments of the Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19).Microbial pathogenesis · 2020Review
- The impact of antimicrobial stewardship program implementation at four tertiary private hospitals: results of a five-years pre-post analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial consumption in three pediatric and neonatal intensive care units in Saudi Arabia: 33-month surveillance study.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2019Article
- Perspective of Pakistani Physicians towards Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A Multisite Exploratory Qualitative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Antimicrobial consumption in five adult intensive care units: a 33-month surveillance study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2018Article
- A retrospective review of a 2-year strong antimicrobial stewardship program in a tertiary care institute in Mumbai.Indian journal of pharmacologyArticle
- A Narrative Review of Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions within In-patient Settings and Resultant Patient Outcomes.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciencesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial stewardship program aims to reduce antibiotic use. Periodic measurement and monitoring of antibiotic use and comparison within the institution as well as with other organizations are important indicators. We analyzed antibiotic usage in a general hospital in Saudi Arabia. Antibiotic data were collected retrospectively for 2011 and from 2013 to 2015, and only adult patients (>15year of age) were included in the study. Data were presented as days of therapy (DOT) and defined daily dose (DDD). DDD was adjusted per 100 bed-days and according to the case mix index (CMI). The total DDD was 37,557 in 2013, 36,550 in 2014 and 38,738 in 2015. The DDD per 100 patient-days was 90.7-94.5. There was a discordant findings of antibiotic measurements based on the DDD compared to DOT, and DDD/100 bed-days compared to DOT/100 bed-days. There was a negative correlation between CMI and DDD per 100 bed days (r -0.696), but a positive correlation of CMI with DOT (r +0.93). Adjusted DDD/100 bed-days showed decrease in the usage of antibiotics, reflecting activities of the antibiotic stewardship program. The increase in DOT/100 bed-days may indicate the favorable utilization of combination therapy. Antibiotic usage needs to be adjusted per 100 bed-days and correlated with CMI for better reflection of optimal antibiotic utilization, activities of the antibiotic stewardship program, and to allow benchmarking.
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