ReviewVaccines2017
Immune Evasion Strategies during Chronic Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection.
Review in Vaccines, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of hepatitis E virus host- and virus-derived insertions on the antiviral response in primary human hepatocytes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immunological Determinants of Oncogenic Virus-Driven Cancers in Africa: Mechanisms, Co-Infections and Public Health Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- New Developments in the Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Infection.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Article
- Reprogramming innate immunity through viral interference: A double-edged strategy for enhancing and containing gene therapies.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Molecular insights into the mechanisms of occult hepatitis B virus infection.Archives of virology · 2026Review
- Periodontitis and Chronic Liver Disease: Mechanistic Insights Focusing onMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Occult hepatitis B virus infection among hepatitis B surface antigen negative vaccinated healthcare workers in East Gojjam zone hospitals.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hepatic Viral Reservoirs in Concurrent HIV and HBV: From Mechanistic Insight to Integrated Cure Strategies.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Hepatocyte-intrinsic innate immunity in hepatitis B virus infection: A focused review.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Deciphering Host-Virus Interactions and Advancing Therapeutics for Chronic Viral Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- Fifty Years of Aflatoxin Research in Qidong, China: A Celebration of Team Science to Improve Public Health.Toxins · 2025Review
- Whole genome characterization of Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) in wild and domestic pigs: insights into genetic classification, host differentiation, and intra-host variation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Virological response and predictive factors for antiviral treatment in chronic HBV-related liver disease with low ALT and high HBV DNA.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review of the Effects of Antiviral Therapy on Hepatitis B/C-Related Mortality and the Regression of Fibrosis.Viruses · 2024Review
- Contemporary Insights into Hepatitis C Virus: A Comprehensive Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Exploring the Microbiome in Gastric Cancer: Assessing Potential Implications and Contextualizing Microorganisms beyondCancers · 2023Review
- Hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a persistent global problem.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Review
- Article
- ctDNA as a novel and promising approach for cancer diagnosis: a focus on hepatocellular carcinoma.EXCLI journal · 2023Review
- Advances in Immunotherapy for Hepatitis B.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are a major global healthcare problem with more than 240 million and 70 million infected, respectively. Both viruses persist within the liver and result in progressive liver disease, resulting in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Strikingly, this pathogenesis is largely driven by immune responses, unable to clear an established infection, rather than by the viral pathogens themselves. Even though disease progression is very similar in both infections, HBV and HCV have evolved distinct mechanisms, by which they ensure persistence within the host. Whereas HCV utilizes a cloak-and-dagger approach, disguising itself as a lipid-like particle and immediately crippling essential pattern-recognition pathways, HBV has long been considered a "stealth" virus, due to the complete absence of innate immune responses during infection. Recent developments and access to improved model systems, however, revealed that even though it is among the smallest human-tropic viruses, HBV may, in addition to evading host responses, employ subtle immune evasion mechanisms directed at ensuring viral persistence in the absence of host responses. In this review, we compare the different strategies of both viruses to ensure viral persistence by actively interfering with viral recognition and innate immune responses.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.