ArticleEnvironmental monitoring and assessment2017
Health risk assessment of heavy metal variability in sachet water sold in Ado-Odo Ota, South-Western Nigeria.
Article in Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Health and environmental impacts of sachet water consumption and sachet plastic waste in Nigeria: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Novel Integrated Tiered Cumulative Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Food Homologous Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on a Real-Life-Exposure Scenario.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Sachet water quality and Vendors' practices in Damongo, northern Ghana during the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 using multivariate statistics, water quality and pollution indices, and panel assessment.Environmental challenges (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Environmental and human health risk evaluation of heavy metals in ceramsites from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2020Article
- Human health risk assessment of trace elements in drinking tap water in Zahedan city, Iran.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2019Article
- Probabilistic risk assessment and spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in groundwater sources in Southwestern Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Optimal sizing of roof gutters and hopper for rainwater harvesting.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2019Article
- Computation of human health risk in surface water in Ado-Odo Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.Data in brief · 2018Article
- Assessment of geospatial and hydrochemical interactions of groundwater quality, southwestern Nigeria.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2018Article
- Human health risk assessment data of trace elements concentration in tap water-Abeokuta South, Nigeria.Data in brief · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The sales of sachet water (SW), also known as "pure water" (PW), in Nigeria is a lucrative business. It serves many people, especially low-income earners, by providing a more affordable access to safe drinking water when compared with table water. However, some of the producers of SW do not effectively treat raw water before packaging them for sale. This study investigates the presence and concentrations of heavy metals, such as chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and zinc (Zn) in some samples of SW sold within Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. Samples of SW from nine different producers were purchased for four consecutive weeks and analyzed to determine the concentrations of these heavy metals in them. Furthermore, health risk indicators, such as chronic daily intake (CDI) and health risk indices (HRI) for children and adults, were calculated separately. The metal concentrations were compared with allowable limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO), Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS), and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). High concentrations of Cr, Fe, and Al were found in all the nine samples and exceeded the maximum allowable limits (MAL) of all the standards considered. However, the concentrations of Zn, Mn, and Cu were within permissible limits. The HRIs of heavy metals were in the order of Cu > Fe > Zn > Mn > Al > Cr, but since the standard limits set for some metals were exceeded, proper and effective treatment is required to safeguard the health of consumers.
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