ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2017
Risk of community-acquired pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stratified by smoking status: a population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom.
Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quality of smoking cessation advice in guidelines of tobacco-related diseases: An updated systematic review.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing community acquired pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Accuracy of the recording of pneumonia events in English electronic healthcare record data in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Article
- A nationwide analysis on the effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following primary total shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis.Shoulder & elbow · 2022Article
- Frontline workers: Mediators of mucosal immunity in community acquired pneumonia and COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Pneumonia prevention in the elderly patients: the other sides.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
- Alcohol Use Disorders Are Associated With a Unique Impact on Airway Epithelial Cell Gene Expression.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2020Article
- Effects of Nutritional Treatment on the Frequency of Pneumonia in Bedridden Patients Receiving Oral Care.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2020Article
- Analysis of curative effect of adjuvant therapy with bronchoalveolar lavage on COPD patients complicated with pneumonia.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
- Observational
- Pneumonia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2018Review
- Upregulated pneumococcal adhesion molecule (platelet-activating factor receptor) may predispose COPD patients to community-acquired pneumonia.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking increases the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and is associated with the development of COPD. Until now, it is unclear whether CAP in COPD is due to smoking-related effects, or due to COPD pathophysiology itself.
objectiveTo evaluate the association between COPD and CAP by smoking status.
methodsIn total, 62,621 COPD and 191,654 control subjects, matched by year of birth, gender and primary care practice, were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2005-2014). Incidence rates (IRs) were estimated by dividing the total number of CAP cases by the cumulative person-time at risk. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for CAP in COPD patients versus controls. HRs of CAP by smoking status were calculated by stratified analyses in COPD patients versus controls and within both subgroups with never smoking as reference.
resultsIRs of CAP in COPD patients (32.00/1,000 person-years) and controls (6.75/1,000 person-years) increased with age and female gender. The risk of CAP in COPD patients was higher than in controls (HR 4.51, 95% CI: 4.27-4.77). Current smoking COPD patients had comparable CAP risk (HR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.02) as never smoking COPD patients (reference), whereas current smoking controls had a higher risk (HR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.13-1.34) compared to never smoking controls.
conclusionCOPD patients have a fourfold increased risk to develop CAP, independent of smoking status. Identification of factors related with the increased risk of CAP in COPD is warranted, in order to improve the management of patients at risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.