ArticleThe Korean journal of internal medicine2018
Prevalence of thyroid nodules and their associated clinical parameters: a large-scale, multicenter-based health checkup study.
Article in The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06868459 (Pressure-enabled Retrograde Occlusive Therapy With Embolization for Control of Thyroid Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 71 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pressure-enabled Retrograde Occlusive Therapy With Embolization for Control of Thyroid Disease (PROTECT Registry): A Multicenter Registry
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Ablation for Benign Non-Functioning Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2026Pooled it
- The myth of iodine: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between iodine and thyroid nodule.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Mapping global epidemiology of thyroid nodules among general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- The Relationship and Gender Disparity Between Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome Components Based on a Recent Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Focal Thyroid Incidentalomas onFrontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Correlation Between Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Signaling pathways and targeted therapy in high‑risk refractory thyroid cancer: From bench to bedside (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Roles of External Factors and Polygenic Susceptibility in Thyroid Nodules and Goiter Among Children Aged 8-10 Years in Iodine-adequate Areas of Northern China.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Precision medicine in thyroid nodules: current strategies, challenges, and future directions.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Review
- [Ultrasound in secondary prevention of thyroid nodules-evidence, benefits, and limitations].HNO · 2026Review
- Occurrence of clinically relevant thyroid nodules in adults.Radiology and oncology · 2026Article
- Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Patients with Carotid Body Tumors: Prevalence and Management in a Retrospective Surgical Series from Two Tertiary Centers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- High prevalence of thyroid nodules and their association with cardiometabolic risk in Mongolia.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- A dual-branch deep learning framework with Mask-Guided Attention for thyroid nodule classification in ultrasound images.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Thermal Ablation as a Non-Surgical Alternative for Thyroid Nodules: A Review of Current Evidence.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Diagnostic accuracy of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology when combined with ultrasonographic risk.Saudi medical journal · 2025Article
- Iodine Excess Is Associated with Thyroid Dysfunction Among the Elderly.Biological trace element research · 2025Observational
- Thyroid Dysfunction in Mycosis Fungoides: Sonographic and Laboratory Insights.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2025Article
- Adiposity Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Thyroid Malignancy in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and predictors of thyroid nodules among adults: analyzing the association with metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background/Aims: We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of thyroid nodules detected by thyroid ultrasound (US) at health checkups and the associated clinical parameters.
methodsA total of 72,319 subjects who underwent thyroid US at three health checkup centers in Korea from January 2004 to December 2010 were included in this study. The correlations between the presence of thyroid nodules and other clinical parameters were analyzed.
resultsThe prevalence of thyroid nodules and cysts was 34.2% (n = 24,757). Thyroid nodules were more prevalent in women and older age groups. Among the subjects with thyroid nodules with size information (n = 24,686), 18,833 (76.3%) had nodules measuring ≤ 1.0 cm. Women and older age groups showed higher proportion of larger nodules. Percentage of women, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat composition, blood pressure, and the level of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher in the subjects with thyroid nodules compared to those without nodules. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and overt/subclinical thyrotoxic state was higher in the subjects with thyroid nodules. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, women, age, BMI, metabolic syndrome, and thyrotoxicosis were independently associated with the presence of thyroid nodules. Conclusions: The high prevalence of thyroid nodules in people who underwent thyroid US at a health checkup suggests that increased detection of thyroid nodules resulted in an increased prevalence in the general population. However, metabolic disturbances may also have contributed to the increase in thyroid nodule prevalence in Korea.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.