ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2018
Relevance of Spatial Heterogeneity of Immune Infiltration for Predicting Risk of Recurrence After Endocrine Therapy of ER+ Breast Cancer.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer: updates and best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) image analysis and data sharing.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Guideline
- Automated scoring methods for quantitative interpretation of Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer: a systematic review.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes: from prognosis to treatment selection.British journal of cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Integrated imaging and molecular analysis to decipher tumor microenvironment in the era of immunotherapy.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Pooled it
- Guideline
- Trial
- E-cadherin inactivation shapes tumor microenvironment specificities in invasive lobular breast cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- RUNX1-deficiency drives immune-active ERbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Establishment of a model to predict the recurrence time of hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- TILseg: Automated Whole Slide-Level Spatial Scoring of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Reveals Prognostic Patterns in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Assessment of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Interobserver Variability and Contributing Factors.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Predicting immune responsiveness in ER-positive breast cancer for personalized therapy: a population-based study.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Gelsolin (GSN) as a key regulator in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: implications for prognosis, chemotherapy sensitivity, and immune infiltration.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Quantitative analysis of T cell subsets in a population of Black women with invasive breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Computational pathology for breast cancer: Where do we stand for prognostic applications?Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025Review
- Prediction of post-treatment recurrence in early-stage breast cancer using deep-learning with mid-infrared chemical histopathological imaging.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Histolytics: A panoptic spatial analysis framework for interpretable histopathology.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Immune infiltration correlates with transcriptomic subtypes in primary estrogen receptor positive invasive lobular breast cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
- Computational methods and biomarker discovery strategies for spatial proteomics: a review in immuno-oncology.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Review
- Spatial Distribution and Densities of CD103+ and FoxP3+ Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes by Digital Analysis for Outcome Prediction in Breast Cancer.The oncologist · 2024Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Despite increasing evidence supporting the clinical utility of immune infiltration in the estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) subtype, the prognostic value of immune infiltration for ER+ disease is not well defined. Methods: Quantitative immune scores of cell abundance and spatial heterogeneity were computed using a fully automated hematoxylin and eosin-stained image analysis algorithm and spatial statistics for 1178 postmenopausal patients with ER+ breast cancer treated with five years' tamoxifen or anastrozole. The prognostic significance of immune scores was compared with Oncotype DX 21-gene recurrence score (RS), PAM50 risk of recurrence (ROR) score, IHC4, and clinical treatment score, available for 963 patients. Statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Scores of immune cell abundance were not associated with recurrence-free survival. In contrast, high immune spatial scores indicating increased cell spatial clustering were associated with poor 10-year, early (0-5 years), and late (5-10 years) recurrence-free survival (Immune Hotspot: LR-χ2 = 14.06, P < .001, for 0-10 years; LR-χ2 = 6.24, P = .01, for 0-5 years; LR-χ2 = 7.89, P = .005, for 5-10 years). The prognostic value of spatial scores for late recurrence was similar to that of IHC4 and RS in both populations, but was not as strong as other tests in comparison for recurrence across 10 years. Conclusions: These results provide a missing link between tumor immunity and disease outcome in ER+ disease by examining tumor spatial architecture. The association between spatial scores and late recurrence suggests a lasting memory of protumor immunity that may impact disease progression and evolution of endocrine treatment resistance, which may be exploited for therapeutic advances.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.