Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28858827›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2017

A Method for Identifying Prevalent Chemical Combinations in the U.S. Population.

Dustin F Kapraun, John F Wambaugh, Caroline L Ring, Rogelio Tornero-Velez, R Woodrow Setzer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Identifying differences in U.S. exposure to ubiquitous carcinogens.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025
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  12. Exposure forecasting - ExpoCast - for data-poor chemicals in commerce and the environment.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2022
    Review
  13. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dustin F KapraunNational Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
John F WambaughNational Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Caroline L RingNational Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Rogelio Tornero-VelezNational Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
R Woodrow SetzerNational Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThrough the food and water they ingest, the air they breathe, and the consumer products with which they interact at home and at work, humans are exposed to tens of thousands of chemicals, many of which have not been evaluated to determine their potential toxicities. Furthermore, while current chemical testing tends to focus on individual chemicals, the exposures that people actually experience involve mixtures of chemicals. Unfortunately, the number of mixtures that can be formed from the thousands of environmental chemicals is enormous, and testing all of them would be impossible.

objectivesWe seek to develop and demonstrate a method for identifying those mixtures that are most prevalent in humans.

methodsWe applied frequent itemset mining, a technique traditionally used for market basket analysis, to biomonitoring data from the 2009-2010 cycle of the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to identify combinations of chemicals that frequently co-occur in people.

resultsWe identified 90 chemical combinations consisting of relatively few chemicals that occur in at least 30% of the U.S. population, as well as three supercombinations consisting of relatively many chemicals that occur in a small but nonnegligible proportion of the U.S. population.

conclusionsWe demonstrated how FIM can be used in conjunction with biomonitoring data to narrow a large number of possible chemical combinations down to a smaller set of prevalent chemical combinations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1265.

Indexed as

Data MiningEnvironmental ExposureEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental PollutantsHumansNutrition SurveysUnited StatesEnvironmental Pollutants

Identifiers

PMID28858827
PMCPMC5801475

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.