ArticleNeurology2017
Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and multiple sclerosis susceptibility: A multiethnic study.
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Article in Neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adaptive Features of Natural Killer Cells in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- DNA methylation mediates the multiple sclerosis onset risk associated with HHV-6 DNA positivity.Environmental epigenetics · 2026Article
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- Embodiment of structural racism and multiple sclerosis risk and outcomes in the USA.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Dissecting immune-mediated pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: A multivariate mediation analysis of antibodies and circulating proteins.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis and infection: history, EBV, and the search for mechanism.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Exploring the role of EBV in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis through EBV interactome.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- No association between oral contraceptive exposure and subsequent MS: A population-based nested case-control study in primary care.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Article
- Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Varicella Zoster Virus Infection Dynamics in People with Multiple Sclerosis from Northern Italy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Insights into the interplay between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS): A state-of-the-art review and implications for vaccine development.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis have consistent directions of effect across diverse ethnic backgrounds: a nested case-control study in an English population-based cohort.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Association between atopic dermatitis, autoimmune illnesses, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus.Archives of dermatological research · 2023Article
- The Probable Infectious Origin of Multiple Sclerosis.NeuroSci · 2023Review
- Cross-reactive EBNA1 immunity targets alpha-crystallin B and is associated with multiple sclerosis.Science advances · 2023Article
- Effect of Cytomegalovirus Infection on the Central Nervous System: Implications for Psychiatric Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in the context of Epstein-Barr virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Annette Langer-GouldFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA. Annette.M.Langer-Gould@kp.org.
Jun WuFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA.
Robyn LucasFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA.
Jessica SmithFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA.
Edlin GonzalesFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA.
Lilyana AmezcuaFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA.
Samantha HarasztiFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA.
Lie Hong ChenFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA.
Hong QuachFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA.
Judith A JamesFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA.
Lisa F BarcellosFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA.
Anny H XiangFrom Department of Research & Evaluation (A.L.-G., J.W., J.S., E.G., S.H., L.H.C., A.H.X.), Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena; Neurology Department (A.L.-G.), Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles Medical Center; Biology & Environment (R.L.), National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra; Department of Neurology (L.A.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory (H.Q., L.F.B.), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (J.A.J.), Oklahoma City. S. Haraszti is now at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA.
Australian National University · AULos Angeles Medical Center · USUniversity of California, Berkeley · USUniversity of Southern California · US
Funding
Tracking and Evaluation CoreU54GM104938 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI TIMOTHY M VANWAGONER · 2013 to 2026
$68.2MVitamin D, Race/Ethnicity, Genotype, and Multiple SclerosisR01NS075308 · NINDS · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI LANGER-GOULD, ANNETTE M · 2011 to 2015
$3.0MNIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104938NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS075308
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) in blacks and Hispanics and to what extent measures of the hygiene hypothesis or breastfeeding could explain these findings. EBV and CMV have been associated with MS risk in whites, and the timing and frequency of both viruses vary by factors implicated in the hygiene hypothesis.
methodsIncident cases of MS or its precursor, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and matched controls (blacks, 111 cases/128 controls; Hispanics, 173/187; whites, 235/256) were recruited from the membership of Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Logistic regression models accounted for
resultsEpstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) seropositivity was independently associated with an increased odds of MS/CIS in all 3 racial/ethnic groups (
conclusionsThe consistency of EBNA-1 seropositivity with MS across racial/ethnic groups and between studies points to a strong biological link between EBV infection and MS risk. The association between past CMV infection and MS risk supports the broader hygiene hypothesis, but the inconsistency of this association across racial/ethnic groups implies noncausal associations.
Indexed as
CytomegalovirusHerpesvirus 4, HumanAdultAntibodies, ViralBreast FeedingCaliforniaEmigrants and ImmigrantsEpstein-Barr Virus Nuclear AntigensFemaleHLA-DRB1 ChainsHumansHygieneIncidenceLogistic ModelsMaleMultiple SclerosisAntibodies, ViralEpstein-Barr Virus Nuclear AntigensHLA-DRB1*15 antigenHLA-DRB1 Chains
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.