Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28855195›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of ophthalmology2017

Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in China: a multi-hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Guihua Zhang, Haoyu Chen, Weiqi Chen, Mingzhi Zhang

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
12.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. The Mechanisms of Inflammatory Factors and the Total Load of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Diabetic Retinopathy and Cognitive Impairment.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
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23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Guihua ZhangDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Joint Shantou International Eye Center (JSIEC) of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Haoyu ChenDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Joint Shantou International Eye Center (JSIEC) of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Weiqi ChenDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Joint Shantou International Eye Center (JSIEC) of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Mingzhi ZhangDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Joint Shantou International Eye Center (JSIEC) of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Chinese University of Hong Kong · CNShantou University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo determine the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) in a multi-hospital-based DR screening programme among patients with diabetes in China, the Lifeline Express Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program.

methodsPatients with diabetes in eight hospitals across mainland China (both southern and northern) from January 2014 to July 2016 were recruited in this programme. All participants underwent a standardised interview and examinations and received digital fundus photography. DR severity was graded from retinal fundus photographs by retina specialists in the reading centre of Joint Shantou International Eye Center, according to the grading standards of the English National Screening Programme. STDR was defined as the presence of preproliferative DR (R2), proliferative DR (R3) and/or maculopathy (M1).

results16 305 patients with diabetes were screened for DR in total. Fundus photographs were gradable for 15 078 patients (92.5%). The age-gender-standardised prevalence of any DR and STDR was 27.9% (95% CI, 27.2% to 28.6%) and 12.6% (95% CI, 12.1% to 13.1%), respectively. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, younger age (OR, 0.967), longer duration of diabetes (OR, 1.093), higher haemoglobin A1c (OR, 1.115), higher fasting plasma glucose (OR, 1.074), higher systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.014), faster heart rate (OR, 1.010), higher low-density lipoprotein (OR, 1.149), lower triglycerides (OR, 0.975), higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR, 1.012) and elevated serum creatinine level (OR, 1.003) were associated with the presence of DR. Similar risk factors, except for BUN and triglycerides, were found for STDR.

conclusionsThe prevalence of DR and STDR in diabetes was 27.9% and 12.6%, respectively in this multi-hospital-based population across China. Compared with Western population with diabetes, similar risk factors for DR and STDR were found in Chinese patients with diabetes.

Indexed as

AgedChinaCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetic RetinopathyFemaleHumansMaleMass ScreeningMiddle AgedPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsEpidemiologyPublic HealthRetina

Identifiers

PMID28855195
PMCPMC5754882
OpenAlexW2752885356

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.