ArticleReproductive health2017
Effect of female genital mutilation/cutting; types I and II on sexual function: case-controlled study.
Article in Reproductive health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Economic burden of female genital mutilation in 27 high-prevalence countries.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- Physiotherapy and rehabilitation for survivors of female genital mutilation/cutting: a scoping review.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Lived experiences and impacts of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C): a meta-ethnographic synthesis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric validation of the Female Sexual Function Index to Lebanese Arabic (FSFI-LB).Sexual medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- The comparison of sexual function in types I and II of female genital mutilation.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Effect of Female Genital Mutilation on Sexual Function in Ibadan, Nigeria.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2024Article
- Postoperative Course of Reconstructive Procedures in FGM Type III-Proposal for a Modified Classification of Type III Female Genital Mutilation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Mental and sexual health outcomes associated with FGM/C in Africa: a systematic narrative synthesis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Review
- Determinants of sexual dysfunction in pregnancy in a large tertiary hospital in Ghana.PloS one · 2023Article
- Female Genital Mutilation, Sexual Quality of Life and Marital Relationship: A Case-Control Study From Iran.Journal of family & reproductive health · 2022Article
- Somalian women with female genital mutilation had increased risk of female sexual dysfunction: a cross-sectional observational study.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- "Damaged genitals"-Cut women's perceptions of the effect of female genital cutting on sexual function. A qualitative study from Sweden.Frontiers in sociology · 2022Article
- Response to Commentaries: Understanding Women's Responses to Sexual Pain After Female Genital Cutting.Archives of sexual behavior · 2021Article
- Leadership among Women Working to Eradicate Female Genital Mutilation: The Impact of Environmental Change in Transcultural Moments.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The decline of FGM in Egypt since 1987: a cohort analysis of the Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys.BMC women's health · 2020Article
- Prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practices of female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C) among United Arab Emirates population.BMC women's health · 2020Article
- Psychosexual Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation and the Impact of Reconstructive Surgery: A Narrative Review.Health equity · 2019Review
- The Impact of Migration on Attitudes to Female Genital Cutting and Experiences of Sexual Dysfunction Among Migrant Women with FGC.Current sexual health reports · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe existing literature is contradictory regarding effects of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) on sexual functions. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of type I and II FGM/C on sexual function of Egyptian women.
methodsWe recruited 197 cut women and 197 control women from those visiting Assiut University hospitals for different reasons. We asked each woman to fill the Arabic female sexual function index (FSFI) (a self reported 19-item questionnaire assessing the main domains of female sexual function). Genital Examination was done to confirm the type of FGM.
resultsFemale sexual dysfunction (FSD) was found in 83.8% of FGM/C cases in contrast to 64.5% of the control. The total FSFI score in the FGM/C group (19.82 ± 7.1) was significantly lower than in the control group (23.34 ± 8.1). Concerning the types of FGM/C, type 73.6% of cases had type I and 26.4% had type II. Type I FGM/C was performed mainly by physicians (62.1%) while type II was performed mainly by midwives (44.4%). FSD was found in 83.4% of FGM/C I cases and in 84.6% of FGM/C II cases. There was no statistically significant difference between the two types of FGM/C as regards total and individual domain scores except for the pain domain. There were significantly lower total and individual domain scores in both FGM/C types except for the desire domain compared to control.
conclusionIn this study, FGM/C was associated with reduced scores of FSFI on all domains scores, and among both types I and II, both were associated with sexual dysfunction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.