ReviewEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2018
Evaluation and review of body fluids saliva, sweat and tear compared to biochemical hydration assessment markers within blood and urine.
Review in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Applications of Wearable Sweat Biosensors in Sports Activities with Real-World Cases.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A wearable biosensing platform for continuous monitoring of inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers for real-time health tracking and personalized care.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Small-Molecule Detection in Biological Fluids: The Emerging Role of Potentiometric Biosensors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Electroconductivity of Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool for Dry Eye Disease: A Case-Control Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Application of PIXE for Tear Analysis: Impact of Mineral Supplementation on Iron and Magnesium Levels in Athletes.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Nanosensors and Microsensors for Body Fluid Monitoring: Various Analyte Detection and Construction Solutions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- A novel non-invasive sweat lactate biosensor and its application in human exercise monitoring.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Salivary Proteomics & Gene Expression Analysis: Applications in Orthodontics and Oral Health Care Research-A Pilot Project.Biomarker insights · 2025Article
- Label-Free Metal-Oxide Transistor Biosensors for Metabolite Detection in Human Saliva.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Seasonal fluctuation of total water intake and hydration status among young men and women: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Amplified fluorogenic immunoassay for early diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease from tear fluid.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Diabetes-Associated Hyperglycemia Causes Rapid-Onset Ocular Surface Damage.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Microfluidic Wearable Devices for Sports Applications.Micromachines · 2023Review
- Review
- Universal Training Precautions: A Review of Evidence and Recommendations for Prevention of Exercise-Related Injury, Illness, and Death in Warfighters and Athletes.Journal of athletic training · 2023Review
- Article
- Wearable biosensors for human fatigue diagnosis: A review.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Review
- Assessment of Changes in Physiological Markers in Different Body Fluids at Rest and after Exercise.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evaluating and testing hydration status is increasingly requested by rehabilitation, sport, military and performance-related activities. Besides commonly used biochemical hydration assessment markers within blood and urine, which have their advantages and limitations in collection and evaluating hydration status, there are other potential markers present within saliva, sweat or tear. This literature review focuses on body fluids saliva, sweat and tear compared to blood and urine regarding practicality and hydration status influenced by fluid restriction and/or physical activity. The selected articles included healthy subjects, biochemical hydration assessment markers and a well-described (de)hydration procedure. The included studies (n=16) revealed that the setting and the method of collecting respectively accessing body fluids are particularly important aspects to choose the optimal hydration marker. To obtain a sample of saliva is one of the simplest ways to collect body fluids. During exercise and heat exposures, saliva composition might be an effective index but seems to be highly variable. The collection of sweat is a more extensive and time-consuming technique making it more difficult to evaluate dehydration and to make a statement about the hydration status at a particular time. The collection procedure of tear fluid is easy to access and causes very little discomfort to the subject. Tear osmolarity increases with dehydration in parallel to alterations in plasma osmolality and urine-specific gravity. But at the individual level, its sensitivity has to be further determined.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.