Interrelations of Level of Urinary Cotinine and Score for Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence among Beedi Smokers, and Smokeless Tobacco Users in India.

backgroundTobacco related diseases is largely preventable and can stop pre-mature death. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence rate of smoking is 28.6% (40% among males and 18.2% among females).

objectives1. To pursue a review of published researches on interrelations between Beedi smoking and FTND score. 2. To pursue a review of published researches on interrelations between consumption of ST and FTND score. MATERIALS AND

methodsA systematic search of published papers were examined from three different electronic databases namely Pubmed, Cochrane library, and ProQuest. The inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria was set based on commonality of the studies which was looked through the objectives. Total of four papers of its category were found, and those met the criteria for inclusion factors.

resultsSeventy-one articles were screened initially and forty-three articles were excluded and twenty-eight articles were screened, out of which twenty articles were excluded based on inclusion criteria. The abstracts of remaining eight articles were reviewed and four were removed because of duplication of the data. Finally, four articles were included for review after three stages of screening. Review results revealed that out of four selected reviews, one research study finding was interrelated with FTND score and Beedi and ST users. This study results also revealed that there is not a set of research carried out on FTND score for Beedi smokers and ST users.