ArticleToxicology2017
Brominated and organophosphate flame retardants target different neurodevelopmental stages, characterized with embryonic neural stem cells and neuronotypic PC12 cells.
Article in Toxicology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying associations and key early life exposure windows for organophosphate esters and adolescent brain morphometry in the HOME study.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Sex-specific disruption of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) density in the social brain neural network by Firemaster 550.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and child cognition: Findings from the environmental influences on child Health Outcomes cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Article
- Tetrabromobisphenol A: MAK Value Documentation - Translation of the German version from 2023.The MAK collection for occupational health and safety · 2025Review
- Effects of Mixtures of Emerging Pollutants and Drugs on Modulation of Biomarkers Related to Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Cancer.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Article
- Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolites and early motor development in the MADRES cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolite mixtures and children's neurobehavioral outcomes in the MADRES pregnancy cohort.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- Impacts of Gestational FireMaster 550 Exposure on the Neonatal Cortex Are Sex Specific and Largely Attributable to the Organophosphate Esters.Neuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- A review of the success and challenges in characterizing human dermal exposure to flame retardants.Archives of toxicology · 2021Review
- Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Article
- Tetrabromobisphenol A: a neurotoxicant or not?Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Review
- Sex-specific Disruption of the Prairie Vole Hypothalamus by Developmental Exposure to a Flame Retardant Mixture.Endocrinology · 2021Article
- Single neonatal dexamethasone administration has long-lasting outcome on depressive-like behaviour, Bdnf, Nt-3, p75ngfr and sorting receptors (SorCS1-3) stress reactive expression.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Phenotypically Anchored mRNA and miRNA Expression Profiling in Zebrafish Reveals Flame Retardant Chemical Toxicity Networks.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Environmental neurotoxic pollutants: review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Review
- Sub-lethal Doses of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, in Vitro, Promote Oxidative Stress and Modulate Molecular Markers Related to Cell Cycle, Antioxidant Balance and Cellular Energy Management.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Chronic BDE-47 Exposure Aggravates Malignant Phenotypes and Chemoresistance by Activating ERK Through ERα and GPR30 in Endometrial Carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Article
- Children's residential exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers: Investigating exposure pathways in the TESIE study.Environment international · 2018Article
- Developmental neurotoxicity resulting from pharmacotherapy of preterm labor, modeled in vitro: Terbutaline and dexamethasone, separately and together.Toxicology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In addition to their activity as endocrine disruptors, brominated and organophosphate flame retardants are suspected to be developmental neurotoxicants, although identifying their specific mechanisms for that activity has been elusive. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of several flame retardants on neurodifferentiation using two in vitro models that assess distinct "decision nodes" in neural cell development: embryonic rat neural stem cells (NSCs), which evaluate the origination of neurons and glia from precursors, and rat neuronotypic PC12 cells, which characterize a later stage where cells committed to a neuronal phenotype undergo neurite outgrowth and neurotransmitter specification. In NSCs, both brominated and organophosphate flame retardants diverted the phenotype in favor of glia and away from formation of neurons, leading to an increased glia/neuron ratio, a common hallmark of the in vivo effects of neurotoxicants. For this early decision node, the brominated flame retardants were far more potent than the organophosphates. In PC12 cells, the brominated flame retardants were far less effective, whereas tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, an organophosphate, was more effective. Thus, the two classes of flame retardants differentially impact the two distinct vulnerable periods of neurodifferentiation. Furthermore, the effects on neurodifferentiation were separable from outright cytotoxicity, an important requirement in establishing a specific effect of these agents on neural cell development. These results reinforce the likelihood that flame retardants act as developmental neurotoxicants via direct effects on neural cell differentiation, over and above other activities that can impact nervous system development, such as endocrine disruption.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.