ArticleJournal of hepatocellular carcinoma2017
A Phase I trial using local regional treatment, nonlethal irradiation, intratumoral and systemic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid polylysine carboxymethylcellulose to treat liver cancer: in search of the abscopal effect.
Article in Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- In Situ Vaccination with Poly-ICLC Combined with Systemic Nivolumab for the Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Intratumoural immunotherapy plus focal thermal ablation for localized prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2024Review
- TLR3 activation enhances abscopal effect of radiotherapy in HCC by promoting tumor ferroptosis.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Cancer vaccines: the next immunotherapy frontier.Nature cancer · 2022Review
- Innate and Adaptive Responses of Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Endosomal Toll-Like Receptor Agonists.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- The Role of Toll-like Receptor Agonists and Their Nanomedicines for Tumor Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Engaging Pattern Recognition Receptors in Solid Tumors to Generate Systemic Antitumor Immunity.Cancer treatment and research · 2022Article
- Emerging Nanoparticle Strategies for Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Polysaccharide-based nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy: A review.Bioactive materials · 2021Review
- Article
- Safety and clinical activity of intratumoral MEDI9197 alone and in combination with durvalumab and/or palliative radiation therapy in patients with advanced solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- Pathogen Molecular Pattern Receptor Agonists: Treating Cancer by Mimicking Infection.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2019Review
- Intratumoral immunotherapy with TLR7/8 agonist MEDI9197 modulates the tumor microenvironment leading to enhanced activity when combined with other immunotherapies.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Article
- Next generation of immune checkpoint therapy in cancer: new developments and challenges.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2018Review
- Cancer immunotherapy beyond immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo determine the safety of an approach to immunologically enhance local treatment of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) by combining nonlethal radiation, local regional therapy with intratumoral injection, and systemic administration of a potent Toll-like receptor (TLR) immune adjuvant.
methodsPatients with HCC not eligible for liver transplant or surgery were subject to: 1) 3 fractions of 2-Gy focal nonlethal radiation to increase tumor antigen expression, 2) intra-/peri-tumoral (IT) injection of the TLR3 agonist, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid polylysine carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC), to induce an immunologic "danger" response in the tumor microenvironment with local regional therapy, and 3) systemic boosting of immunity with intramuscular poly-ICLC. Primary end points were safety and tolerability; secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years.
resultsEighteen patients with HCC not eligible for surgery or liver transplant were treated. Aside from 1 embolization-related severe adverse event, all events were ≤grade II. PFS was 66% at 6 months, 39% at 12 months, and 28% at 24 months. Overall 1-year survival was 69%, and 2-year survival 38%. In patients <60 years old, 2-year survival was 62.5% vs. 11.1% in patients aged >60 years (
conclusionIntra-tumoral injection of the TLR3 agonist poly-ICLC in patients with HCC is safe and tolerable when combined with local nonlethal radiation and local regional treatment. Further work is in progress to evaluate if this approach improves survival compared to local regional treatment alone and characterize changes in anticancer immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.