ArticleFrontiers in immunology2017
Anesthesia and Surgery Impair Blood-Brain Barrier and Cognitive Function in Mice.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of neuromuscular blockade depth on postoperative systemic cytokine release: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of intravenous glucocorticoids on postoperative delirium in adult patients undergoing major surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Intraoperative Intravenous Lidocaine on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Trial
- Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on delayed neurocognitive recovery in elderly patients.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2022Trial
- Comparing the effect of xenon and sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative neural injury biomarkers: a randomized controlled trial.Medical gas researchTrial
- Gut-Brain-Skin Axis: From Mechanistic Insights to Translational Applications in Neurocosmetics.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Advances in electroacupuncture for perioperative neurocognitive disorders: mechanisms and clinical evidence.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Circadian gatekeepers of the gut-brain-immune axis: implications for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Central Mediator in Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity and A Potential Target for Neuroprotection.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Animal models of delirium: a narrative review.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Article
- Development of a machine learning-based prediction model for postoperative delirium in frail elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- From optimization of surgical conditions to modulation of systemic inflammation: revisiting the implications of deep neuromuscular blockade.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Shared neuropathological features of mild traumatic brain injury and anesthesia.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in postoperative delirium in elderly patients: pathophysiological mechanisms, risk prediction, and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction in geriatric trauma: a dual-pathway perspective.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- [Preoperative serum magnesium as a biomarker for predicting delirium following non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2025Article
- Perioperative neurocognitive disorders: Advances in molecular mechanisms and bioactive molecules.Ageing research reviews · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective mechanisms of dexmedetomidine in perioperative neurocognitive disorders: From molecular pathways to clinical translation.Journal of anesthesia and translational medicine · 2025Review
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, e.g., increase in BBB permeability, has been reported to contribute to cognitive impairment. However, the effects of anesthesia and surgery on BBB permeability, the underlying mechanisms, and associated cognitive function remain largely to be determined. Here, we assessed the effects of surgery (laparotomy) under 1.4% isoflurane anesthesia (anesthesia/surgery) for 2 h on BBB permeability, levels of junction proteins and cognitive function in both 9- and 18-month-old wild-type mice and 9-month-old interleukin (IL)-6 knockout mice. BBB permeability was determined by dextran tracer (immunohistochemistry imaging and spectrophotometric quantification), and protein levels were measured by Western blot and cognitive function was assessed by using both Morris water maze and Barnes maze. We found that the anesthesia/surgery increased mouse BBB permeability to 10-kDa dextran, but not to 70-kDa dextran, in an IL-6-dependent and age-associated manner. In addition, the anesthesia/surgery induced an age-associated increase in blood IL-6 level. Cognitive impairment was detected in 18-month-old, but not 9-month-old, mice after the anesthesia/surgery. Finally, the anesthesia/surgery decreased the levels of β-catenin and tight junction protein claudin, occludin and ZO-1, but not adherent junction protein VE-cadherin, E-cadherin, and p120-catenin. These data demonstrate that we have established a system to study the effects of perioperative factors, including anesthesia and surgery, on BBB and cognitive function. The results suggest that the anesthesia/surgery might induce an age-associated BBB dysfunction and cognitive impairment in mice. These findings would promote mechanistic studies of postoperative cognitive impairment, including postoperative delirium.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.