Observational studyPediatrics2017
Racial/Ethnic Disparity in NICU Quality of Care Delivery.
Observational study in Pediatrics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04540575 (Reducing Disparity in Receipt of Mother's Own Milk in Very Low Birth Weight Infants), which is not on this map. Cited by 126 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Reducing Disparity in Receipt of Mother's Own Milk in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: An Economic Intervention to Improve Adherence to Sustained Maternal Breast Pump Use
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Composite neonatal morbidity indicators using hospital discharge data: A systematic review.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of race on heart rate characteristics monitoring in very low birth weight infants.Pediatric research · 2023Trial
- Creating the Healthcare Racial Justice Assessment Tool (HC-RJAT): A Novel Tool to Identify Modifiable Loci of Structural Racism in the Healthcare Setting to Guide Equity-Focused Improvements.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Differential transport patterns by race and ethnicity in very low birth weight infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Informed nondissent: an underutilized tool for the NICU context.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- The Relationship between Social Vulnerability Index, Area Deprivation Index, and Child Opportunity Index, and Treatment Course Characteristics in Infants with Surgically Intervenable Congenital Anomalies.American journal of perinatology · 2026Article
- Improving infant health equity: what have we learned, what do we do.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Diversity, equity, and inclusion considerations for anti-racist, equity-focused NICU family mental health.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- Comfort, benefit, and distress: An exploratory study of research experiences of bereaved parents in the neonatal intensive care unit.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Promoting bonding and secure attachment in the NICU to improve parent-infant mental health: recommendations for clinical practice.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- The association between the degree of social vulnerability and maternal anemia and other adverse perinatal outcomes.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Staff perspectives on racial inequities in the neonatal intensive care unit: the REJOICE study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- "I will breastfeed until the pandemic has ceased to protect her at all costs": a qualitative analysis of black breastfeeding mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- The explored experiences of Latino families in the neonatal intensive care unit.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Race, oxygen exposure, and retinopathy of prematurity: re-examining a persistent epidemiologic paradox.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Improving Commitment to Family-Centered Care in the NICU: A Multicenter Collaborative Quality Improvement Project.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Between-center variability in the outcome of VLBW infants is not affected by socioeconomic deprivation.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- The Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 1-Year Mortality.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Article
- Experiences of communication in the neonatal intensive care unit for mothers with a preferred language other than English.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDifferences in NICU quality of care provided to very low birth weight (<1500 g) infants may contribute to the persistence of racial and/or ethnic disparity. An examination of such disparities in a population-based sample across multiple dimensions of care and outcomes is lacking.
methodsProspective observational analysis of 18 616 very low birth weight infants in 134 California NICUs between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. We assessed quality of care via the Baby-MONITOR, a composite indicator consisting of 9 process and outcome measures of quality. For each NICU, we calculated a risk-adjusted composite and individual component quality score for each race and/or ethnicity. We standardized each score to the overall population to compare quality of care between and within NICUs.
resultsWe found clinically and statistically significant racial and/or ethnic variation in quality of care between NICUs as well as within NICUs. Composite quality scores ranged by 5.26 standard units (range: -2.30 to 2.96). Adjustment of Baby-MONITOR scores by race and/or ethnicity had only minimal effect on comparative assessments of NICU performance. Among subcomponents of the Baby-MONITOR, non-Hispanic white infants scored higher on measures of process compared with African Americans and Hispanics. Compared with whites, African Americans scored higher on measures of outcome; Hispanics scored lower on 7 of the 9 Baby-MONITOR subcomponents.
conclusionsSignificant racial and/or ethnic variation in quality of care exists between and within NICUs. Providing feedback of disparity scores to NICUs could serve as an important starting point for promoting improvement and reducing disparities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.