ArticleERJ open research2017
Outcomes of immunosuppressive therapy in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Article in ERJ open research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: S2k Guideline of the German Respiratory Society and the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2025Guideline
- Guidelines of the Polish Respiratory Society on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases Other than Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2022Guideline
- Mycophenolate and azathioprine in fibrotic interstitial lung disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Observational
- Shared and Disease-Preferential Matrisome Programs in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease: Evidence from Cross-Cohort and Within-Cohort Analysis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic challenges in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- Two Blood-based Endotypes Reveal Divergent Clinical Outcomes of Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Nerandomilast attenuates Pantoea agglomerans-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis by regulating M1 macrophage polarization and fibroblast activation.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Impact of older age on prognosis in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of pre-transplantation exposure to immunosuppressive agents on lung transplant outcomes in interstitial lung disease.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Article
- Biomarkers on Fibrotic Lung Diseases Associated with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Upfront combination therapy with nintedanib and anti-inflammatory agents for progressive pulmonary fibrosis: a multicentre, single-arm phase 2 study (TOP-ILD).ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a narrative review.Respiratory research & clinical practice · 2026Review
- Predictors of forced vital capacity response to immunosuppression in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a retrospective cohort analysis of 203 patients.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Korean Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2025Article
- The use of mechanical ventilation in interstitial lung disease.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2025Review
- Interventions to improve quality of life and knowledge in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, a survey of clinician practices and perspectives.CHEST pulmonary · 2024Article
- Article
- Effect of antigen removal in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- A Case of Immunomodulator-Responsive Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Secondary to Chronic Passive Smoke Inhalation.Cureus · 2024Article
- The effectiveness and pharmacoeconomic study of using different corticosteroids in the treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP), lack of improvement or declining lung function may prompt use of immunosuppressive therapy. We hypothesised that use of azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil with prednisone reduces adverse events and lung function decline, and improves transplant-free survival. Patients with CHP were identified. Demographic features, pulmonary function tests, incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and transplant-free survival were characterised, compared and analysed between patients stratified by immunosuppressive therapy. A multicentre comparison was performed across four independent tertiary medical centres. Among 131 CHP patients at the University of Chicago medical centre (Chicago, IL, USA), 93 (71%) received immunosuppressive therapy, and had worse baseline forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity, and increased mortality compared with those who did not. Compared to patients treated with prednisone alone, TEAEs were 54% less frequent with azathioprine therapy (p=0.04) and 66% less frequent with mycophenolate mofetil (p=0.002). FVC decline and survival were similar between treatment groups. Analyses of datasets from four external tertiary medical centres confirmed these findings. CHP patients who did not receive immunosuppressive therapy had better survival than those who did. Use of mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine was associated with a decreased incidence of TEAEs, and no difference in lung function decline or survival when compared with prednisone alone. Early transition to mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine may be an appropriate therapeutic approach in CHP, but more studies are needed.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.