ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2017
Abuse liability of intravenous buprenorphine vs. buprenorphine/naloxone: Importance of absolute naloxone amount.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nonpharmacological and pharmacological influences on opioid effects: A review of clinical research findings.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Review
- Buprenorphine/naloxone - one formulation that doesn't fit all: a case report.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Guanfacine Treatment in a Patient with Intravenous Buprenorphine/Naloxone Misuse.Case reports in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of opioid abuse and pain.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2022Review
- Buprenorphine as a Treatment for Major Depression and Opioid Use Disorder.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2022Article
- Prescription Opioid Misuse Motives in US Older Adults.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2020Article
- Assessing physiological dependence and withdrawal potential of mitragynine using schedule-controlled behaviour in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Reconsidering the Usefulness of Adding Naloxone to Buprenorphine.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Emerging Evidence for Cannabis' Role in Opioid Use Disorder.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2018Review
- Intravenous buprenorphine/naloxone and concomitant oral pregabalin misuse: a case report.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study sought to determine the relative importance of a range of Bup/Nx doses compared to Bup alone in producing subjective and reinforcing effects.
methodsHeroin-using volunteers (n=13) were transitioned onto daily oral hydromorphone (40mg). Laboratory sessions assessed the reinforcing and subjective effects of intravenous (IV) doses of Bup (1.51, 2.16, 6.15, and 8.64mg) and Bup/Nx (1.51/0.44, 2.16/0.61, 6.15/1.71, and 8.64/2.44mg). Placebo (Pbo), heroin (25mg) and Nx (0.3mg) were tested as neutral, positive, and negative controls, respectively.
resultsIV Bup alone was self-administered substantially less than IV heroin, though the two largest doses of Bup produced positive subjective effects, drug "Liking" (0-100mm), which were comparable to heroin (mean difference: Heroin vs Bup 6.15mg: -3.4mm, Heroin vs Bup 8.64mg: -11.3mm). All indicators of abuse potential seen with IV Bup alone were substantially decreased with the addition of Nx. All Bup/Nx combinations produced ratings of aversive effects, "Bad", which were comparable to, or greater than IV, Nx. On three of the four measures of aversive effects, the largest difference is seen with the 8.64 vs 8.64/2.44 condition.
conclusionsThis study further demonstrates the ability of the Bup/Nx combination to deter IV use. Although none of the Bup/Nx combinations showed indications of abuse potential, formulations with larger absolute Nx, may be less abusable as they precipitate a greater degree of withdrawal.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.