ReviewFree radical biology & medicine2018
Epidemiology of estrogen and dementia in women with Down syndrome.
Review in Free radical biology & medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using Network Analysis to Understand the Associations Between Menopausal Symptoms and Mental Health in Women With Intellectual Disabilities.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2026Article
- Telomere Biology, Erosion, and Age-Related Conditions: Insights from Down Syndrome and Other Telomere-Associated Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Cargo of small extracellular vesicles from neuronal origin shows progression of dementia in individuals with Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- What Can We Learn About Alzheimer's Disease from People with Down Syndrome?Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- The Impact of Menopause on the Mental Health of Women With an Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2025Article
- Positive rate and quantification of amyloid pathology with [European radiology · 2024Article
- Estrogen signaling via estrogen receptor alpha and its implications for neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease in aging women.Metabolic brain disease · 2023Review
- Association of reproductive factors with dementia: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analyses of observational studies.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Exploring the role of sex differences in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis in Down syndrome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Association between Hypothyroidism Onset and Alzheimer Disease Onset in Adults with Down Syndrome.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Genetic and epigenetic pathways in Down syndrome: Insights to the brain and immune system from humans and mouse models.Progress in brain research · 2020Review
- Sex Differences in Neuropathology and Cognitive Behavior in APP/PS1/tau Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Neuroscience bulletin · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Several lines of investigation have shown a protective role for estrogen in Alzheimer's disease through a number of biological actions. This review examines studies of the role of estrogen-related factors in age at onset and risk for Alzheimer's disease in women with Down syndrome, a population at high risk for early onset of dementia. The studies are consistent in showing that early age at menopause and that low levels of endogenous bioavailable estradiol in postmenopausal women with Down syndrome are associated with earlier age at onset and overall risk for dementia. Polymorphisms in genes associated with estrogen receptor activity and in genes for estrogen biosynthesis affecting endogenous estrogen are related to age at onset and cumulative incidence of dementia, and may serve as biomarkers of risk. To date, no clinical trials of estrogen or hormone replacement therapy (ERT/HRT) have been published for women with Down syndrome. While findings from clinical trials of ERT or HRT for dementia have generally been negative among women in the neurotypical population, the short interval between menopause and onset of cognitive decline, together with a more positive balance between potential benefits and risks, suggests an opportunity to evaluate the efficacy of ERT/HRT for delaying or preventing dementia in this high risk population, although questions concerning the optimal formulation and timing of the hormone therapy are not yet resolved.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.