ArticleAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2017
Upregulation of Galectin-9 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoints Molecules in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Article in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic Regulation of Tumor Immunity by Integrins and Lectins: From Molecular Mechanisms to Dual-Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Galectins at the crossroads of tumor immunity, metabolism, and metastasis: mechanisms, therapeutic resistance, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Association of Galectin-9 Soluble Immune Checkpoint with Clinical Prognostic Markers in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genetically platform presenting CD24 ScFv enhance antitumor immunity by restoring macrophage phagocytosis and modulating the immune environment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Expression of TIM-3 and Gal-9 Immune Checkpoints in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: The Potential Role of Interleukin-27.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Galectin-9-An Emerging Glyco-Immune Checkpoint Target for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Aberrant Expression ofCancers · 2025Article
- Identification of genetically engineered strategies to manipulate nano-platforms presenting immunotherapeutic ligands for alleviating primary ovarian insufficiency progression.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Galectin-9, a pro-survival factor inducing immunosuppression, leukemic cell transformation and expansion.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Article
- A new emerging target in cancer immunotherapy: Galectin-9 (LGALS9).Genes & diseases · 2023Review
- The role of Th17 cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: friend or foe?Blood advances · 2023Review
- Galectin-9 in cancer therapy: from immune checkpoint ligand to promising therapeutic target.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Expression of Galectin-9-related immune checkpoint receptors in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2023Article
- Progress of research on PD-1/PD-L1 in leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Regulation of Quality of Life and Immune Function in Patients with Thyroid Cancer Treated by Deep Learning Technology.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2022Article
- Modulation of the Gal-9/TIM-3 Immune Checkpoint with α-Lactose. Does Anomery of Lactose Matter?Cancers · 2021Review
- NK Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Their Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Chemoradiation induces upregulation of immunogenic cell death-related molecules together with increased expression of PD-L1 and galectin-9 in gastric cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Deviation of host immune response by engagement of inhibitory receptors is one of the well-known mechanisms of tumor cells for immune evasion and survival. PD-1/PD-L1 and Tim-3/Gal-9 axes are two major pathways in this area which their contribution has been documented in a variety of malignancies. In this study, Gal-9 and PD-L1 expression was investigated in leukemic cells from patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 25 untreated CLL patients and 15 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. CLL patients were classified into different clinical stages based on the Rai staging system. Total RNA was extracted from all samples and applied for cDNA synthesis. Relative expression of Gal-9 and PD-L1 mRNA was determined by Real-Time PCR using β-actin as a housekeeping gene. Results: Gal-9 and PD-L1 mRNA was significantly more expressed in CLL patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001 and p=0.005, respectively). CLL patients in advanced clinical stages showed higher expression of Gal-9 and PD-L1 in comparison to patients in early clinical stages (p<0.0001 and p=0.004, respectively). Conclusion: Our promising results regarding over-expression of Gal-9 and PD-L1 in CLL patients call future complementary studies to more evaluate and confirm these pathways for immunotherapy approaches of this malignancy. Upregulation of both Gal-9 and PD-L1 in CLL patients with advanced clinical stages introduces them as useful prognostic biomarkers for disease progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.