Investigating Factors Associated with FOBT Screening for Colorectal Cancer Based on the Components of Health Belief Model and Social Support

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with FOBT screening for colorectal cancer based on the components of Health Belief Model and social support in Fasa City, Fars Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 240 subjects in people of Fasa city who had 50 years old and above. The subjects in this study were assigned to two groups of 120 patients. The first group included people over 50 years, who referred to the diagnostic laboratories for doing FOBT, but the second group included people aged 50 years and above who did not refer to a laboratory for doing FOBT and were assessed by questionnaires at home. Data were collected through a questionnaire based on health belief model and perceived social support. Results: The referring group included 61.3 percent women and 38.7 percent men, with a mean age of 65.24 ± 8.01. The non-referring group included 59.7 percent women and 40.3 percent men, with a mean age of 64.21 ±7.53 (p=0.24). In the referring group, 64.2 percent had undergone FOBT in the past year, while in the non-referring group only 12.72percent had done so (p=0.001).The results showed that the referring group obtained higher scores on awareness about CRC and ways to prevent it, and on HBM Model constructs, and social support compared to the non-referring group (p<0.001). In addition, the referring group reported significantly lower Perceived Barriers compared to the non-referring group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of HBM components and perceived social support for doing FOBT. Therefore, theory-based educational interventions can be used to increase individuals’ Perceived Severity, Perceived Susceptibility, and Perceived Benefits and reduce their Perceived Barriers in order to empower and encourage people to perform FOBT.