ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2018
High Risk of Depression in High-Income African American Boys.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychic suffering and depression in black children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2021Pooled it
- Immigrants' diminished protective effects of parental education and employment on youth mood disorders in Sweden.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prevalence and moderators of depression symptoms among black individuals in Western Countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis among 1.3 million people in 421 studies.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national trends in depressive disorder prevalence and DALYs among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040: a comprehensive analysis from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- "To Be Twice as Good to Get Half": Minorities' Diminished Returns.Journal of biomedical and life sciences · 2025Article
- High Systolic Blood Pressure of High-Income African American Children.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- School Connectedness and Mental Health Among Black Adolescents.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2024Article
- Household Income and Subsequent Youth Tobacco Initiation: Minorities' Diminished Returns.Journal of medicine, surgery, and public health · 2024Article
- Handing Money to the Poor Is Never Enough: The Impact of Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns.Global journal of epidemiology and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Differential protective effects of Family Income-to-Poverty-Ratio on electronic cigarette, depression, and obesity of Black and White Americans.AIMS public health · 2024Article
- The Cost of Opportunity: Anti-Black Discrimination in High Resource Settings.Journal of biomedical and life sciences · 2024Article
- Household Income and Offspring Education Explain Blacks' Diminished Returns of Parental Education.Open journal of psychology · 2024Article
- Allostatic load in the US general population: Race and educational intersection.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Black Americans' Diminished Return of Educational Attainment on Tobacco Use in Baltimore City.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Racial discrimination, childhood adversity, and depression among Black men: Tests of stress sensitization hypotheses.Psychiatry research · 2023Article
- Are Distressed Black Women Also Depressed? Implications for a Mental Health Paradox.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Neighborhood disadvantage, race/ethnicity and neural sensitivity to social threat and reward among adolescents.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2023Article
- Immigration Status, Educational Level, and Perceived Discrimination in Europe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Leading Predictors of COVID-19-Related Poor Mental Health in Adult Asian Indians: An Application of Extreme Gradient Boosting and Shapley Additive Explanations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Immigration Status, Socioeconomic Status, and Self-Rated Health in Europe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite the well-established literature on the protective effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on physical and mental health, there are a few reports on poor mental health of blacks with high SES. Using a national sample, this study investigated the association between household income and risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in black youth based on ethnicity, gender, and their intersection.
methodsOne thousand one hundred seventeen black adolescents (810 African Americans and 360 Caribbean blacks) were included in the current study. Household income was the main predictor. MDD (lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day) was the main outcome. Age was the covariate. Ethnicity and gender were the focal moderators. Logistic regressions were used for data analysis.
resultsIn the pooled sample, household income was not associated with risk of MDD (lifetime, 12-month, or 30-day). We found significant interactions between income and gender on lifetime and 12-month MDD, suggesting a stronger protective effect of income on MDD for females than males. We also found significant interaction between income and ethnicity on 30-day MDD, suggesting stronger protective effect of income against MDD for Caribbean blacks than African Americans. In African American males, high household income was associated with higher risk of lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day MDD. For Caribbean black males and females, high household income was associated with lower odds of 30-day MDD.
conclusionFindings suggest that ethnicity and gender influence how socioeconomic resources such as income are associated with MDD risk among black youth. Higher household income may be associated with higher risk of MDD for African American males.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.