ReviewBiomolecular concepts2017
Breaking in and busting out: cell-penetrating peptides and the endosomal escape problem.
Review in Biomolecular concepts, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in vehicles for in situ delivery: From classical vectors to biologically inspired structures.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Review
- Intracellular protein binders for imaging, control and future therapeutics.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- From Blueprint to Breakthrough: How Far Can We Fold DNA Origami for Nano-Enabled Technologies?JACS Au · 2026Review
- Penetratin an Old Player in the Field of Cell-Penetrating Peptides Is in New Custom-Effect of Aromatic Non-Natural Amino Acid Substitutions.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Utilization of cell-penetrating peptide adaptors to enhance delivery of variably charged protein cargos.PloS one · 2026Article
- Intracellular Transport of Monomeric Peptides, (Poly)Peptide-Based Coacervates and Fibrils: Mechanisms and Prospects for Drug Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Advances in Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins: Approaches, Challenges, and Emerging Technologies.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2025Review
- MeCP2 is a naturally supercharged protein with cell membrane transduction capabilities.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- Endosomal escape: A bottleneck for LNP-mediated therapeutics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Review
- Reprogramming tendon healing: a guide to novel molecular tools.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Engineering siRNA therapeutics: challenges and strategies.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Oligonucleotides: An Outlook on Chemical Strategies to Improve Endosomal Trafficking.Cells · 2023Review
- Peptide-Based Nanoparticles for Systemic Extrahepatic Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleotides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Genome editing, a superior therapy for inherited retinal diseases.Vision research · 2023Article
- Utilization of a cell-penetrating peptide-adaptor for delivery of human papillomavirus protein E2 into cervical cancer cells to arrest cell growth and promote cell death.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Article
- The Balance between Hydrophobicity/Aromaticity and Positively Charged Residues May Influence the Cell Penetration Ability.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- A Straightforward Method for the Development of Positively Charged Gold Nanoparticle-Based Vectors for Effective siRNA Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Characterization of PGuaMolecular pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Article
- Thyclotides, tetrahydrofuran-modified peptide nucleic acids that efficiently penetrate cells and inhibit microRNA-21.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have long held great promise for the manipulation of living cells for therapeutic and research purposes. They allow a wide array of biomolecules from large, oligomeric proteins to nucleic acids and small molecules to rapidly and efficiently traverse cytoplasmic membranes. With few exceptions, if a molecule can be associated with a CPP, it can be delivered into a cell. However, a growing realization in the field is that CPP-cargo fusions largely remain trapped in endosomes and are eventually targeted for degradation or recycling rather than released into the cytoplasm or trafficked to a desired subcellular destination. This 'endosomal escape problem' has confounded efforts to develop CPP-based delivery methods for drugs, enzymes, plasmids, etc. This review provides a brief history of CPP research and discusses current issues in the field with a primary focus on the endosomal escape problem, for which several promising potential solutions have been developed. Are we on the verge of developing technologies to deliver therapeutics such as siRNA, CRISPR/Cas complexes and others that are currently failing because of an inability to get into cells, or are we just chasing after another promising but unworkable technology? We make the case for optimism.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.