ArticleWorld journal of hepatology2017
Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the paravertebral muscle: A case report.
Article in World journal of hepatology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- A rare presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma: Cervical and destructive thoracic paravertebral masses.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- The Antihistamine Astemizole Potentiates the Antitumor Efficacy of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing Proliferation, Metastasis, and Angiogenesis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- From Vision Changes to Hospice: The Rapid Progression of Orbital Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cureus · 2025Article
- Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with gluteus medius metastasis: a case report and a literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Ectopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Manifesting as Paraspinal Mass: An Unusual Entity.ACG case reports journal · 2023Article
- Spontaneous Acute Epidural Hematoma Associated With Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Masquerading as an Expansile Osteolytic Lesion in Scapula: A Rare Case of Isolated Appendicular Skeletal Metastatic Involvement of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at Initial Presentation.World journal of nuclear medicine · 2023Article
- A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with long-term survival by multidisciplinary treatment for cranial and skeletal muscle metastases.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Article
- Muscular Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Review
- Rare Site Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2020Article
- Isolated Peritoneal Recurrence After Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2019Article
- Solitary Extrahepatic Intramuscular Metastasis from Cryptogenic Hepatocellular Carcinoma.ACG case reports journal · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Identification of extrahepatic metastases (EHM) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been paradoxically increasing due to an increase in the survival of HCC patients. However, metastasis of HCC to the skeletal muscle tissue is extremely rare. We describe a unique case of HCC metastasizing to the paravertebral muscle. A 55-year-old man with a history of hepatitis B cirrhosis underwent partial liver resection with complete removal of HCC. Three months later, a computed tomography (CT) scan showed intrahepatic recurrence. The tumors were treated with yttrium-90 microspheres, trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization, and sorafenib. Six months later, a CT scan showed an enhancing lesion of the left paravertebral muscle that on biopsy were consistent with metastatic HCC. The tumor was treated with stereotactic hypo-fractionated image-guided radiation therapy (SHFRT). A follow-up scan 3 mo post-radiotherapy revealed a stable appearance of the paravertebral muscle metastasis. Because of the progression in the intrahepatic tumors, the patient was treated with capecitabine, which was changed to dasatinib 6 mo later. The patient passed away three years after the primary surgical resection. Management of EHM poses an extreme challenge. This is the first case of HCC with EHM to the paravertebral muscle in which stability of disease was achieved using SHFRT. This case highlights the importance of early detection of hepatitis B viral infection and initiation of anti-viral therapy to decrease recurrence of HCC and prevent EHM.
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