ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2017
The Validity of Predictive Equations to Estimate 24-Hour Sodium Excretion: The MESA and CARDIA Urinary Sodium Study.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Trial
- Salt Intake Among the Iranian Population and Public Attitudes Toward Salt Consumption: National and Subnational Report From STEPS 2021.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Salt Consumption and Blood Pressure in Sub-Saharan African Population Living in an Urban Setting: The Case of a Group of Cameroonians.International journal of hypertension · 2025Article
- No change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT).Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- The damaging duo: Obesity and excess dietary salt contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2023Review
- Article
- The association between dietary sodium intake and osteoporosis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Development and application of the sodium index to estimate and assess sodium intake for Korean adults.Nutrition research and practice · 2022Article
- Monitoring population salt intake using casual urinary sodium: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2022Article
- 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion in the Americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2022Review
- From salt to hypertension, what is missed?Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2021Review
- Validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among Chinese adults aged 18-69 years.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Estimating 24-Hour Urinary Excretion of Sodium and Potassium Is More Reliable from 24-Hour Urine Than Spot Urine Sample in a Feeding Study of US Older Postmenopausal Women.Current developments in nutrition · 2021Article
- Spot Urine Samples to Estimate Na and K Intake in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Healthy Adults: A Secondary Analysis From a Controlled Feeding Study.Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation · 2021Article
- Sodium Intake, Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease.Korean circulation journal · 2020Review
- Alternate mechanisms and considerations for alcohol's effect on salt sensitivity.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Article
- Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and body mass index in relation to high blood pressure in a national health survey in Chile.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Article
- A New Approach Is Needed to Evaluate 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Using Spot Urines: A Validation Study in a Chinese Child Population.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Article
- Prediction of 24-hour sodium excretion from spot urine samples in South African adults: a comparison of four equations.Journal of human hypertension · 2020Article
- Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveals a Causal Effect of Urinary Sodium/Urinary Creatinine Ratio on Kidney Function in Europeans.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We examined the population distribution of urinary sodium concentrations and the validity of existing equations predicting 24-hour sodium excretion from a single spot urine sample among older adults with and without hypertension. In 2013, 24-hour urine collections were obtained from 554 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were aged 45-79 years and of whom 56% were female, 58% were African American, and 54% had hypertension, in Chicago, Illinois. One-third provided a second 24-hour collection. Four timed (overnight, morning, afternoon, and evening) spot urine specimens and the 24-hour collection were analyzed for sodium and creatinine concentrations. Mean 24-hour sodium excretion was 3,926 (standard deviation (SD), 1,623) mg for white men, 2,480 (SD, 1,079) mg for white women, 3,454 (SD, 1,651) mg for African-American men, and 3,397 (SD, 1,641) mg for African-American women, and did not differ significantly by hypertensive status. Mean bias (difference) in predicting 24-hour sodium excretion from the timed spot urine specimens ranged from -182 (95% confidence interval: -285, -79) to 1,090 (95% confidence interval: 966, 1,213) mg/day overall. Although the Tanaka equation using the evening specimen produced the least bias overall, no single equation worked well across subgroups of sex and race/ethnicity. A single spot urine sample is not a valid indicator of individual sodium intake. New equations are needed to accurately estimate 24-hour sodium excretion for older adults.
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